Midterm 1 - Chapter 6

Question 1

What is the Opposite of r squared

Answer 1

k squared

Question 2

What are the 2 approaches taken to study motor behaviour?

Answer 2

1. Experimental Approach

2. Differential Approach

Question 3

What is the Experimental Approach? Definition and 3 points

Answer 3

A method Scientists use to examine factors that influence performance or behaviour of people generally.

1) It looks at a GENERAL population.
2) Assumes equivalence of groups
3) Manipulates independent variables(x) to measure dependent variables(y)

Question 4

What is the Differential Approach? Definition and 2 points

Answer 4

A method scientists use to examine differences between people. Looks at individual differences.

1) Uses Standardized testing
2) Important for Clinicians and teachers

Question 5

What is the difference between Norm Referenced testing and Criterion Referenced Testing, give examples of both.

Answer 5

Norm Referenced is comparing people to one another (IQ tests) where as Criterion Referenced testing is where people are compared to a set of criteria (Swimming tests). Norm Ref there is a sliding scale and you can get any grade/mark from 0-100 where as Criterion Ref you either meet the criteria or you don’t (pass/fail)

Question 6

What are individual differences?

Answer 6

stable enduring differences among individuals performances often attributable to differences in abilities

Question 7

Define Abilities

Answer 7

Stable, Enduring traits that for the most part are genetically determined and underlying a person’s skill. Not going to be influenced by practice.

Question 8

Define Skill

Answer 8

Developed as a result of practice and is based on pre-existing levels of abilities and experience level

Question 9

What is the difference between skills and abilities

Answer 9

Abilities are genetically determined and not influenced by practice, where as skilles are developed by practice and based on one’s level of abilities.

Question 10

Research on individual differences is focused on two area’s, what are they?

Answer 10

1. Underlying abilities

2. Can accurate predictions be made about a persons future performance and skill

Question 11

What are 2 practical implications that can be drawn from the knowledge that we all have different levels of abilities

Answer 11

1. Higher abilities= higher performance, than those who would have lower abilities
2. Higher abilities = higher performance in tasks involving those abilities

Question 12

What are the different theories of abilities and who presented each(3)

Answer 12

1. Singular Global Ability (McCloy)
2. Specificity Hypothesis (Henry)
3. Grouping of Abilities (Fleishman)

Question 13

Describe SGA

Answer 13

Singular Global Ability is similar to the concept of a persons IQ. For IQ we have one level of intelligence that does not change depending on type of activity, SGA presents that for Motor Abilitity, we have one level of ability that does not fluctuate between tasks. If you are a high level performer in one task it is the same for all others regardless of type of task.

Question 14

Describe Specificity Hypothesis

Answer 14

S.H. says that there are so many different abilities that because you have high ability in one task does not mean you will in others. The amount of abilities is so diverse that there is NO transfer between tasks.

Question 15

Describe Grouping of Abilities

Answer 15

G of A says there there are a variety of different abilities but not as many as described by Henry. This means that because the pool of abilities is smaller there will be some degree of cross over.

Question 16

What is the best proof of Grouping of Abilities and who were the 2 researchers responsible (table in text book)

Answer 16

The study by Drowatzky and Zuccato that looked at Static vs Dynamic Balance. This disproved SGA and Specificity Hypothesis

Question 17

Fleishman was responsible for which theory on ability and what 2 catagories did he separate them into?

Answer 17

Grouping of Abilities, he separated into:

1. Perceptual Motor Ability
2. Physical Motor Ability

Question 18

What 4 abilities are associated by timing and force control?

Answer 18

1. Movement Rate
2. Motor Timing
3. Perceptual Timing
4. Force Control

Question 19

Is initial testing the best way to judge a person’s ability?

Answer 19

No, some people may be “late bloomers” and develop their abilities later on as they progress with practice and become experts while there are others who may peak in their abilities on the initial stages and not develop any farther. Example: Micheal Jordan getting cut @ high school basketball

Question 20

Name 4 performance factors

Answer 20

1. Previous Experience
2. Performance of Motor Skill
3. Body Configuration
4. Mood