Midterm 1 - Chapter 2 Lecture Flashcards
_____ are thread-like structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
Chromosomes
_____ are units of hereditary information.
Genes
All body cells have _____ chromosomes arranged in _____ pairs.
46 ; 23
Mitosis involves _____ chromosomes in cells.
paired
Meiosis involves _____ chromosomes in gametes.
unpaired
_____ is the genetic code, or what they say.
Genotype
_____ is the way genetics express, such as physically or psychologically.
Phenotype
_____ _____ involves an extra (21) chromosome that causes mild to severe mental issues and physical abnormalities. Also known as Trisomy 21.
Down syndrome
_____ _____ (_____) involves an extra X chromosome that causes physical abnormalities.
Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
_____ _____ _____ involves an abnormality in the X chromosome that can cause mental issues, learning disabilities, or short attention span.
Fragile X syndrome
_____ _____ (_____) involves a missing X chromosome in females that can cause mental issues and sexual underdevelopment.
Turner syndrome (XO)
_____ _____ involves an extra Y chromosome that can cause above average height.
XYY syndrome
_____ _____ involves glandular dysfunction that interferes with mucus production; breathing and digestion are hampered, resulting in a shortened life span.
Cystic fibrosis
_____ is when the body does not produce enough insulin, which causes abnormal metabolism of sugar.
Diabetes
_____ involves delayed blood clotting which causes internal and external bleeding.
Hemophilia
_____ _____ is when the central nervous system deteriorates, producing problems in muscle coordination and mental deterioration.
Huntington disease
_____ (_____) is a metabolic disorder that, left untreated, causes mental issues. (cannot metabolize phenylalanine)
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
_____-_____ _____ is a blood disorder that limits the body’s oxygen supply; it can cause joint swelling, as well as heart and kidney failure.
Sickle-cell anemia
_____ _____ is a neural tube disorder that causes brain and spine abnormalities.
Spina bifida
_____-_____ _____ involves a deceleration of mental and physical development caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system.
Tay-Sachs disease
