Midterm 1 - Chapter 2 Lecture

Question 1

_____ are thread-like structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.

Answer 1

Chromosomes

Question 2

_____ are units of hereditary information.

Answer 2

Genes

Question 3

All body cells have _____ chromosomes arranged in _____ pairs.

Answer 3

46 ; 23

Question 4

Mitosis involves _____ chromosomes in cells.

Answer 4

paired

Question 5

Meiosis involves _____ chromosomes in gametes.

Answer 5

unpaired

Question 6

_____ is the genetic code, or what they say.

Answer 6

Genotype

Question 7

_____ is the way genetics express, such as physically or psychologically.

Answer 7

Phenotype

Question 8

_____ _____ involves an extra (21) chromosome that causes mild to severe mental issues and physical abnormalities. Also known as Trisomy 21.

Answer 8

Down syndrome

Question 9

_____ _____ (_____) involves an extra X chromosome that causes physical abnormalities.

Answer 9

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)

Question 10

_____ _____ _____ involves an abnormality in the X chromosome that can cause mental issues, learning disabilities, or short attention span.

Answer 10

Fragile X syndrome

Question 11

_____ _____ (_____) involves a missing X chromosome in females that can cause mental issues and sexual underdevelopment.

Answer 11

Turner syndrome (XO)

Question 12

_____ _____ involves an extra Y chromosome that can cause above average height.

Answer 12

XYY syndrome

Question 13

_____ _____ involves glandular dysfunction that interferes with mucus production; breathing and digestion are hampered, resulting in a shortened life span.

Answer 13

Cystic fibrosis

Question 14

_____ is when the body does not produce enough insulin, which causes abnormal metabolism of sugar.

Answer 14

Diabetes

Question 15

_____ involves delayed blood clotting which causes internal and external bleeding.

Answer 15

Hemophilia

Question 16

_____ _____ is when the central nervous system deteriorates, producing problems in muscle coordination and mental deterioration.

Answer 16

Huntington disease

Question 17

_____ (_____) is a metabolic disorder that, left untreated, causes mental issues. (cannot metabolize phenylalanine)

Answer 17

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 18

_____-_____ _____ is a blood disorder that limits the body’s oxygen supply; it can cause joint swelling, as well as heart and kidney failure.

Answer 18

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 19

_____ _____ is a neural tube disorder that causes brain and spine abnormalities.

Answer 19

Spina bifida

Question 20

_____-_____ _____ involves a deceleration of mental and physical development caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system.

Answer 20

Tay-Sachs disease