Midterm 1: Cell Life & Energy Flashcards
Plasmodesmata
open channels that extend across plant cell walls to connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesizes lipids destined for cell membranes
Tight Junctions
prevent fluid leakage between cells
Lysosome
responsible for degrading waste within a cell
Vacuole Functions
predator deterrence, physical support, waste management, nutrients storage
Where are the election transport chains of the ‘photo’ reactions located?
Thykaloid membrane
Chlorophyll a is the most common photosynthetic pigment in plants. Its abundance gives plants their green color. This is because it _________.
reflects green light
electrons lost by chlorophyll are replaced by electrons donated by _____.
water
Where are Hydrogen ions stored?
Thylakoid compartment only
What are the products of the “photo” reactions of photosynthesis?
ATP, NADPH, O2
Why would a photosynthetic organism have more than one type of pigment within their cells?
to optimize the amount of energy that can be harvested in specific environments
The electrons that are passed to NADP+ during “photo” reactions are emitted by:
the water-splitting photosystem
The transport of ____ across the thylakoid membrane power the production of ATP
H+ ions
Which subatomic particles of a pigment absorb light?
electrons
Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells produce _____.
Lactate
When blood glucose levels decrease, what reserves are tapped first?
Glycogen
When Fats are broken down as energy sources, their components enter ________.
Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle
Yeast fermentation produces ________.
Ethanol & CO2
Most common elements in the body:
Oxygen 65%
Hydrogen 9.5%
Carbon 18.5%
Nitrogen 3%
electron shells:
1
2
3
2e-
8e-
8e-
ionic bonds
one loses (+)or gains(-)
covalent
share
single, double, or triple
stronger than ionic
polar and nonpolar
nonpolar covalent
if atoms are shared equally
ex: H2
polar covalent
if atoms share electrons
ex: H2O
