Midterm 1: Cell Life & Energy

Question 1

Plasmodesmata

Answer 1

open channels that extend across plant cell walls to connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

Question 2

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 2

Synthesizes lipids destined for cell membranes

Question 3

Tight Junctions

Answer 3

prevent fluid leakage between cells

Question 4

Lysosome

Answer 4

responsible for degrading waste within a cell

Question 5

Vacuole Functions

Answer 5

predator deterrence, physical support, waste management, nutrients storage

Question 6

Where are the election transport chains of the ‘photo’ reactions located?

Answer 6

Thykaloid membrane

Question 7

Chlorophyll a is the most common photosynthetic pigment in plants. Its abundance gives plants their green color. This is because it _________.

Answer 7

reflects green light

Question 8

electrons lost by chlorophyll are replaced by electrons donated by _____.

Answer 8

water

Question 9

Where are Hydrogen ions stored?

Answer 9

Thylakoid compartment only

Question 10

What are the products of the “photo” reactions of photosynthesis?

Answer 10

ATP, NADPH, O2

Question 11

Why would a photosynthetic organism have more than one type of pigment within their cells?

Answer 11

to optimize the amount of energy that can be harvested in specific environments

Question 12

The electrons that are passed to NADP+ during “photo” reactions are emitted by:

Answer 12

the water-splitting photosystem

Question 13

The transport of ____ across the thylakoid membrane power the production of ATP

Answer 13

H+ ions

Question 14

Which subatomic particles of a pigment absorb light?

Answer 14

electrons

Question 15

Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells produce _____.

Answer 15

Lactate

Question 16

When blood glucose levels decrease, what reserves are tapped first?

Answer 16

Glycogen

Question 17

When Fats are broken down as energy sources, their components enter ________.

Answer 17

Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle

Question 18

Yeast fermentation produces ________.

Answer 18

Ethanol & CO2

Question 19

Most common elements in the body:

Answer 19

Oxygen 65%
Hydrogen 9.5%
Carbon 18.5%
Nitrogen 3%

Question 20

electron shells:
1
2
3

Answer 20

2e-
8e-
8e-

Question 21

ionic bonds

Answer 21

one loses (+)or gains(-)

Question 22

covalent

Answer 22

share
single, double, or triple
stronger than ionic
polar and nonpolar

Question 23

nonpolar covalent

Answer 23

if atoms are shared equally

ex: H2

Question 24

polar covalent

Answer 24

if atoms share electrons

ex: H2O

Question 25

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 25

2 polar covalent
opposite charges attract
ex: H2O, NH3

Question 26

cohesion

Answer 26

one is pulling the next, surface tension help stick it together

Question 27

Hydrogen bonds in H2O

Answer 27

gets less dense with more energy

Question 28

macromolecules

Answer 28

lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides

Question 29

ionization

Answer 29

water molecules are breaking and forming

Question 30

lipids

Answer 30

tend to be insoluble in water;
fats, phospholipids, waxes;
nonpolar

Question 31

sterols

Answer 31

have a fused carbon ring

Question 32

fats

Answer 32

glycerol head
fatty acid tail
covalently bonded