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Production animal medicine > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

where do you put IV anesthesia in swine?

A

Single injection

  • Auricular vein
  • jugular vein
  • V.cava cranialis

Slow drop infusion
Auricular vessel

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2
Q

Where do you put epidural in swine?

A

Lumbosacral

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3
Q

How long should food be withhold before anesthesia?

A

6 h
12 h abdominal surgery
BUT GIVE WATER

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4
Q

How can you avoid malignant hyperthermia?

A

avoid stress

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5
Q

Why can intubation be difficult?

A 
laryngospasm is common
narrow glottis
long soft palate
wide opening of the mouth is difficult
sharp teeth
interesting laryngeal anatomy
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6
Q

I.M injection sites

A

Neck muscle

Triceps
epaxial lumbar muscle
gluteal
Quadriceps

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7
Q

What is most common of IM or IF (Intra-fat)?

A

IF

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8
Q

When do you use jugular vein for IV?

A

from 30 kg weight

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9
Q

When do you use V. cava cran for IV?

A

piglets (2-30kg) and adults

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10
Q

How do you use V.cava cran for IV?

A

Right side

Bc N.vagus is on the left side

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11
Q

which drugs can be used in sedation and premedication

A 
Azaperon 
Acepromazine
Diazepam
Midazolam
Xylazine
Detomodine
Medetomidine
Romifidin
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12
Q

Which drgs can be used for induction and maintenance?

A

Etomidate
Thippental
Ketamine

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13
Q

Dosage for Azaperone?

A

1-8 mg/kg deep im
1-2 mg/ttkg –> 12 ml inj /koca (250kg)
Boar: > 1 mg/kg, penile prolapse
Smaller dose in large animal (related more to body surface area than mass)

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14
Q

When should you not use azaperone?

A

in cold conditions –>peripheral vasodilation–> cardiovascular collapse

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15
Q

Dosage for acepromazine?

A

0,03-0,1 mg/kg deep im

effect is unpredictable

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16
Q

Side efefcts of acepromazine?

A

hypotension, heat loss

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17
Q

Dosage for diazepam and midazolam?

A

0,1-2 (2!) mg/kg deep im

Midazolam is better

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18
Q

How can you apply midazolam in piglets?

A

intranasal or rectal

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19
Q

Can you use xylazine alone?

A

No

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20
Q

What is the combination with xylazine?

A

xylazine 1-3 mg/kg
Ketamine 5 mg/kg
Butorphanol 0,1-0,2 mg/kg

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21
Q

What is the combination with detomodine?

A

Detomodine 0,1 mg/ttkg
Ketamine 5 mg/kg
Butorphanol 0,1-0,2 mg/kg

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22
Q

What is the combination with medetomidine?

A

Medetomidine 30-80 microg/kg
Ketamine 5 mg/kg
Butorphanol 0,1-0,2 mg/kg

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23
Q

What is the combination with romididin?

A

Romifidin 120 microg/kg
Ketamine 5-8 mg/kg
Butorphanol 0,1-0,2 mg/kg

24
Q

Is etomidate licensed?

A

no

25
Q

dosage of thiopental?

A

5-15 mg/kg iv

26
Q

dosage of Ketamine

A

10-20 mg/kg im or iv

Alone

27
Q

What can you combine ketamine with?

A

Diazepam or midazolam

Ketamine 5 mg/kg + d/m 0,1 mg/kg iv

28
Q

when do you use lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia?

A

castration, obstetrical or perineal surgeries

29
Q

Epidural in 50 kg pig

A

10 ml 2% lidokain

duration is 1-2 h

30
Q

Physiological parameters for monitoring

A 
Jaw tone
general muscle tone
ocular position/reflexes
heart rate
mucus membr
skin temp
31
Q

Fluid therapy during surgery

A

5-10 ml/kg/h

hartmann’s, salsol solution

32
Q

Indication for C-section

A 
large fetuses
emphysematous fetuses
fetal monsters
lacerations of the vaginal canal
disturbed uterine contractions
Specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs
33
Q

What is given as premedication and induction before C-section?

A

Premed: azaperone
Induction: Ketamine + midazolam

34
Q

Which position is the sow in during C-section?

A

Right or left side lateral recumbency (vertical, walker’s, wright’s incisions)
or
Dorsal recumbency with a ventral midline incision

35
Q

Suturing of the uterus after c-section

  • technique
  • material
A

in two layers sero-musculary

  • Lembert and cushing
  • nr 1 or 2absorbable material w/ atraumatic needle
36
Q

Suture after c-section

  • peritoneum
  • muscle
  • skin
A

Peritoneum

  • nr 0 or 1
  • absorbable w/atraumatic needle
  • continuous

Muscle

  • nr 2
  • absorbable
  • continuous

Skin
- extra heavy synthetic non abs
Interrupted or matress or continuous sutures

37
Q

Additional treatments after c-section

A 
intrauterine tablets
PGF2alpha
Long lasting AB
Uterine involution: oxitocin inj
NSAID (Ketoprofen/meloxicam)
Removal of skin sutures: 14-21 d
38
Q

Prolapse of the uterus

  • reason
  • prognosis
  • methods
A

Reason
- within 2-3 h of farrowing

Prognosis
- Very poor

Methods

  • eutanasia –> best
  • Replacement –> if the uterus is not completely prolapsed
  • amputation
39
Q

Prolapse of the rectum

  • reasons
  • methods
A

Reason

  • growing pigs - incr abdominal pressure
  • ocassionally in breeding females

Methods

  • replace and retain - most freq
  • use corrugated tube into a prolapse - ligature- slough off –> growing pigs
  • suture and amputate
40
Q

Vulval hematoma

A

Reasons

  • common in gilts
  • ocassionally in second litter females
  • rare in sow

Methods:

  • bandage bw the lips behind the haematome and tie it remove after 2-3 min
  • hemorrhage not stopped–> mattress suture behind the haemotome
  • haemorrhage not stopped but vessel visible –> clamp it w forceps
41
Q

umbilical haemorrhage in piglets, how to prevent bleeding out?

A

use a clamp
5 mm below the skin
cut the cord below the clamp
use tape to protect the clamp

42
Q

What is given during artificial feeding of piglets?

A

colostrum, natural product (milk powder) or dextrose (instant source of energy)

43
Q

How to do artificial feeding?

A

Sucking reflex:
- human baby bottle - make the hole bigger

no sucking reflex

  • stomach tube
  • intraperitoneal (IP) injection. e.g dextrose
44
Q

What is the reason for tail docking?

A

to prevent tail biting

45
Q

Procedure of docking

A
  • wait until the piglet have consumed colostrum
  • day 3 is good
  • 16 mm of tail left
  • check for bleeding (use ligature for 15 min)
  • length should be the same in all piglets
46
Q

Teeth - clipping

  • reasons
  • timing
A

Reason:

  • fighting
  • sharp canine and incisors –> bites –> grasy skin disease
  • best to avoid it if milk supply is optimized

timing
- 6 h after farrowing

47
Q

Castration of piglets

  • reasons
  • when
  • techniques
A

Reason

  • avoid unwanted sexual or aggression behaviours
  • avoid boar smell

When
- < 7 days

Technique

  • ventral incision on the midline
  • grasp testicles and cut below
48
Q

castration in

  • 7 days - 20 kg
  • > 20 kg
A

7 days - 20 kg

  • local anaesthesia
  • 5-15 ml lidokain in testicle
  • 2-5 ml lidokain under skin

> 20 kg

  • General anaesthesia
  • local anesthetics
49
Q

Cryptorchidism

  • Presurgical procedures
  • position during surgery
A

Presurgical

  • 24 h without feed, 12 h withoud water
  • general anaesthesia
  • prepare ventral abdominal wall

Position
- dorsal position

50
Q

When does the testicles normally go into the scrotum?

A

80 days of gestation

51
Q

Catration of piglets with inguinal hernia

  • when
  • which anaesthesia?
A

When
- 3-4 weeks of age

Anaesthesia
- general and local

52
Q

Ideal teaser animal should be:

A 
free of transmissible diseases
Have a high degree of libido
be small enough to use for immature female, yet large nough to use for mature females
have distinct color or color pattern
be friendly and non-aggressive
53
Q

Procedures that block the flow of semen

A

vasectomy

epididymectomy

54
Q

Procedures that prevent penile penetration

A

preputial translocation
penopexy (penis sutured)
penectomy (part of penis removed)
preputial block ( prepuce is mechanically blocked to prevent extension of the penis)

55
Q

Vasectomy

  • ideal weight
  • restraint
  • Presurgical procedures
  • anesthesia
A

Weight
- 50-100 kg

Restraint
- dorsal recumbency

Presurgical procedures
- withold feed for 24 h and water for 12 h

anesthesia
-general and local

56
Q

Epididymectomy in pigs
- anaesthesia
- age
-

A

General anaesthesia

  • sedation –> azaperon
  • induction/maintenance –> xylaxine + ketamine or diazepam/midazolam + ketamine

Age
- 10-21 days old

Production animal medicine (1 decks)

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