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American Heritage > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

sovereignty

A

ultimate political power

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2
Q

tyranny

A

leader > chaos

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3
Q

anarchy

A

people > chaos

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4
Q

the divine right of kings

A

god destined kings to be the ‘father’ of his subjects. rebelling would go against 5th commandment

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5
Q

founding

A

a conscious, deliberate act of creating a system of government

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6
Q

key values in human society

A

freedom, virtue, welfare

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7
Q

classical republicanism

A

claims made on the individual

people can be corrupt, teach good values

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8
Q

liberalism

A

Individual freedom

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9
Q

theocracy

A

gods rule through ecclesiastical means

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10
Q

aristocracy

A

the wise or wealthy

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11
Q

democracy

A

the people

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12
Q

pre-reformation thinking

A

defying the king, you’re defying god

god > pope/ king> people

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13
Q

luthers ideals

A

god > people> state
read scriptures, dont need priest
origin of american individualism

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14
Q

john calvin/ puritan theology

A

all are fallen/ totally depraved
“elect” saved/ preserved by grace alone
no rewards for human behavior

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15
Q

city on a hill

A

civil society/ body politic, individual helps > glorify god

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16
Q

natural liberty

A

total freedom

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17
Q

civil liberty

A

restrictions will lead to greater freedom ‘covenant to god’

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18
Q

natural and civil liberty, who said?

A

John winthrop

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19
Q

roger williams

A

wrote ‘city on a hill’
rhode island
freedom of religion
god doesn’t want persecution/violence

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20
Q

john cotton

A

power corrupts
less power in line with god
pope> thinks hes corrupt called him ‘the beast’

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21
Q

cotton mather

A

‘two callings’ serve god, serve job

everyone has a distinct role to play, ‘protestant work ethic’ doing your best, working hard

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22
Q

Aristotle political philosophy

A

Cheerleading example.
Telos: the purpose end or essential nature.
Things rewarded to those who have the most telos.

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23
Q

Libertarianism

A

No paternalism
No distribution of wealth
No morals legislation
Any state beyond the minimal state is illegitimate

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24
Q

Benjamin Constant

A

Freedom from gov. or the arbitrary will of others. (Modern liberty)

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25
Q

The rule of law

A 
Generality
Prospectivity 
Publicity 
Consent 
Due process
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26
Q

Generality

A

Apply to broad categories, should not know in advance who this will help/hurt.

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27
Q

Prospectivity

A

Future date

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28
Q

Publicity

A

Known and certain. Consistently enforced

29
Q

Consent

A

Generally accepted

30
Q

Due process

A

Laws must be administered/forced impartially

31
Q

Jeremy Bentham

A

Utilitarianism
Maximize pleasure, minimize pain. Majority > minority
Rights not always upheld
No higher or lower pleasures

32
Q

John Stuart Mills

A

Utilitarianism
(Different from Bentham)
Don’t just look at immediate situation. Long term
Higher and lower pleasures

33
Q

John Locke second treatise

A

1 in state of nature there is no gov
2 men create social contract
3 gov only job is to protect people’s natural rights
4 gov exists by consent of the governed
5 if gov violates the social contract, people have the right and duty to revolt.

34
Q

William Drayton

A

Not everyone suites for gov
If you are suited, you need to be in a legislative branch (legislature)
Legislature- learned people who govern
Committee - group of people who aren’t qualified and using liberty for their own gain

35
Q

Johnathan Boucher

A

Always follow gov unless you have to disobey god.

36
Q

Economic system

A

A society’s structure for making and distributing goods and services

37
Q

Scarcity

A

Unlimited wants and limited resources. Forces us to make tough decisions

38
Q

18th century mercantilism

A

Economic success, stockpiles of gold and silver
Taxes and subsidies to encourage exports and discourage imports
Kept employees and owners moving to other countries

39
Q

Adam smith

A 
Father of economics
Doesn’t like mercantilism 
Market economics, national wealth through free trade 
1 value of markets 
2 self interest as motivation 
3 specialization 
4 invisible hand
40
Q

Gene Sperling

A

Regulation is an inherit part of the market economy

As it structures the realm in which fair competition can take place.

41
Q

Demand

A

As price rises demand decreases

42
Q

Supply

A

As price rises, suppliers produce more

43
Q

Equilibrium

A

Price of buyers wish and supplier match. Demand and supply meet.

44
Q

Sandel, Brennan and jaworski

A

S- everything shouldn’t be on the market, market denatures some goods
B- markets! Inequality benefits innovation

45
Q

Comparative action

A

What I’m giving up is less then what he’s giving up

46
Q

Absolute advantage

A

100% better at a thing. Giving up same amount.

47
Q

Opportunity cost

A

The next best thing you give up when you make a decision. Helps calculate comparative and absolute advantage.

48
Q

Price above equilibrium

A

Surplus

49
Q

Price below equilibrium

A

Shortage

50
Q

Self evident truths

A

1 all men created equal
2 we are endowed by creator with certain rights
3 rights> life liberty pursuit of happiness
4 gov purpose, secure rights and receive power by governed
5 gov doesn’t uphold rights> people can abolish or revolt

51
Q

Damon linker

A

Individualism can go too far
Drunk driver analogy
Virtue over freedom

52
Q

John Calvin

A

All are fallen
Elect saved
No rewards for good behavior

53
Q

Who?
Utilitarianism
maximize pleasure, minimize pain
no higher or lower pleasures

A

Jeremy Bentham

54
Q

Who?
Utilitarianism
Long term!
higher and lower pleasures

A

John Stuart Mills

55
Q

Who?

Regulation is an inherit part of the market economy

A

Gene Sperling

56
Q

Who?
Power corrupts
Pope- the ‘beast’

A

john cotton

57
Q

Who?
‘Christian at his calling’
2 callings
everyone has their place

A

cotton mather

58
Q

who?
Individualism can go too far
Virtue over freedom

A

Daman Linker

59
Q

Who?
Not everything should be on market
Merit Need Chance

A

Sandel

60
Q

Who?

Always follow gov unless you have to disobey god

A

Johnathan Boucher

61
Q

who?
Read scriptures
don’t need priest
origin of American individualism

A

Martin Luther

62
Q

Who?
all are fallen
‘elect saved’
no reward for good behavior

A

John Calvin

63
Q

Who?

Natural and Civil Liberty

A

John Winthrop

64
Q

Who?
Freedom of religion
choose your own god
City on a hill

A

Roger williams

65
Q

Who?
Freedom from god or the arbitrary will of others
(modern liberty)

A

Benjamin Constant

66
Q

Who?

Second Treatise

A

John locke

67
Q

Who?
everyone not suited for gov
must form legistature

A

William Drayton

68
Q

Who?
Father of Economics
Markets!

A

Adam Smith

American Heritage (5 decks)

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