Midterm 1 Flashcards
sovereignty
ultimate political power
tyranny
leader > chaos
anarchy
people > chaos
the divine right of kings
god destined kings to be the ‘father’ of his subjects. rebelling would go against 5th commandment
founding
a conscious, deliberate act of creating a system of government
key values in human society
freedom, virtue, welfare
classical republicanism
claims made on the individual
people can be corrupt, teach good values
liberalism
Individual freedom
theocracy
gods rule through ecclesiastical means
aristocracy
the wise or wealthy
democracy
the people
pre-reformation thinking
defying the king, you’re defying god
god > pope/ king> people
luthers ideals
god > people> state
read scriptures, dont need priest
origin of american individualism
john calvin/ puritan theology
all are fallen/ totally depraved
“elect” saved/ preserved by grace alone
no rewards for human behavior
city on a hill
civil society/ body politic, individual helps > glorify god
natural liberty
total freedom
civil liberty
restrictions will lead to greater freedom ‘covenant to god’
natural and civil liberty, who said?
John winthrop
roger williams
wrote ‘city on a hill’
rhode island
freedom of religion
god doesn’t want persecution/violence
john cotton
power corrupts
less power in line with god
pope> thinks hes corrupt called him ‘the beast’
cotton mather
‘two callings’ serve god, serve job
everyone has a distinct role to play, ‘protestant work ethic’ doing your best, working hard
Aristotle political philosophy
Cheerleading example.
Telos: the purpose end or essential nature.
Things rewarded to those who have the most telos.
Libertarianism
No paternalism
No distribution of wealth
No morals legislation
Any state beyond the minimal state is illegitimate
Benjamin Constant
Freedom from gov. or the arbitrary will of others. (Modern liberty)
The rule of law
Generality Prospectivity Publicity Consent Due process
Generality
Apply to broad categories, should not know in advance who this will help/hurt.
Prospectivity
Future date
Publicity
Known and certain. Consistently enforced
Consent
Generally accepted
Due process
Laws must be administered/forced impartially
Jeremy Bentham
Utilitarianism
Maximize pleasure, minimize pain. Majority > minority
Rights not always upheld
No higher or lower pleasures
John Stuart Mills
Utilitarianism
(Different from Bentham)
Don’t just look at immediate situation. Long term
Higher and lower pleasures
John Locke second treatise
1 in state of nature there is no gov
2 men create social contract
3 gov only job is to protect people’s natural rights
4 gov exists by consent of the governed
5 if gov violates the social contract, people have the right and duty to revolt.
William Drayton
Not everyone suites for gov
If you are suited, you need to be in a legislative branch (legislature)
Legislature- learned people who govern
Committee - group of people who aren’t qualified and using liberty for their own gain
Johnathan Boucher
Always follow gov unless you have to disobey god.
Economic system
A society’s structure for making and distributing goods and services
Scarcity
Unlimited wants and limited resources. Forces us to make tough decisions
18th century mercantilism
Economic success, stockpiles of gold and silver
Taxes and subsidies to encourage exports and discourage imports
Kept employees and owners moving to other countries
Adam smith
Father of economics Doesn’t like mercantilism Market economics, national wealth through free trade 1 value of markets 2 self interest as motivation 3 specialization 4 invisible hand
Gene Sperling
Regulation is an inherit part of the market economy
As it structures the realm in which fair competition can take place.
Demand
As price rises demand decreases
Supply
As price rises, suppliers produce more
Equilibrium
Price of buyers wish and supplier match. Demand and supply meet.
Sandel, Brennan and jaworski
S- everything shouldn’t be on the market, market denatures some goods
B- markets! Inequality benefits innovation
Comparative action
What I’m giving up is less then what he’s giving up
Absolute advantage
100% better at a thing. Giving up same amount.
Opportunity cost
The next best thing you give up when you make a decision. Helps calculate comparative and absolute advantage.
Price above equilibrium
Surplus
Price below equilibrium
Shortage
Self evident truths
1 all men created equal
2 we are endowed by creator with certain rights
3 rights> life liberty pursuit of happiness
4 gov purpose, secure rights and receive power by governed
5 gov doesn’t uphold rights> people can abolish or revolt
Damon linker
Individualism can go too far
Drunk driver analogy
Virtue over freedom
John Calvin
All are fallen
Elect saved
No rewards for good behavior
Who?
Utilitarianism
maximize pleasure, minimize pain
no higher or lower pleasures
Jeremy Bentham
Who?
Utilitarianism
Long term!
higher and lower pleasures
John Stuart Mills
Who?
Regulation is an inherit part of the market economy
Gene Sperling
Who?
Power corrupts
Pope- the ‘beast’
john cotton
Who?
‘Christian at his calling’
2 callings
everyone has their place
cotton mather
who?
Individualism can go too far
Virtue over freedom
Daman Linker
Who?
Not everything should be on market
Merit Need Chance
Sandel
Who?
Always follow gov unless you have to disobey god
Johnathan Boucher
who?
Read scriptures
don’t need priest
origin of American individualism
Martin Luther
Who?
all are fallen
‘elect saved’
no reward for good behavior
John Calvin
Who?
Natural and Civil Liberty
John Winthrop
Who?
Freedom of religion
choose your own god
City on a hill
Roger williams
Who?
Freedom from god or the arbitrary will of others
(modern liberty)
Benjamin Constant
Who?
Second Treatise
John locke
Who?
everyone not suited for gov
must form legistature
William Drayton
Who?
Father of Economics
Markets!
Adam Smith
