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Motor Learning > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is motor learning?

A
  • learning, remembering, performing
  • concepts, principles, and theories of motor learning w application to mvmt and phys act
  • the study of interactions of the brain, muscle, and environment
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2
Q

schema

A

abstract structure that has both invariant properties that are shared but all elements w/in it, but also a set of parameters that are free to vary. Thus generalized motor program was born (GMP)

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3
Q

Generalized Motor Program (GMP)

A

specifies small set of parameters for an action. rate and force of mvmt

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4
Q

Basic research

A

-conducted to understand simple questions that specifically attempt to uncover phenomena that are important but might not have direct practical implications

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5
Q

Theoretical research

A

knowledge repress thinking regarding large scale issues. the thinking is accumulated by reviewing the theoretical and empirical scholarship in an area

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6
Q

Applied research

A

basic research conducted to understand simple questions that specifically attempt to uncover phenomena in the real world or in practice.

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7
Q

Empirical research

A

-observation. conducted in the lab or on the field investigating problems

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8
Q

experimental research

A

bridging basic and applied research

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9
Q

memory research

A

expertise, contextual interference, elaboration

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10
Q

motor learning

A

study of how humans, animals, machines learn and perform motor skills

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11
Q

what is motor behavior?

A
  • motor learning: cognitive processing underlying motor skills behavior
  • motor control: motor programming and organization of motor patterns
  • dynamic systems: complex systems that interact to explain behavior
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12
Q

goal directed movements

A

when mvmt is goal directed it is carried out to meet a particular goal. Is voluntary and under direct control of the performer.
-examples: tennis serve, ball set, typing, speaking, driving

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13
Q

Info processing model

A
  1. input
  2. central processing (includes perception, decision, effector)
  3. output
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14
Q

Gentile’s Different Forms of Mvmt

A
  1. TYPES OF MVMT
  2. -ORIENTING MVMT (mvmt made to change or maintain the position of an object)
    - ADAPTIVE MVMT (mvmt made to change or maintain the position of the body)
    - NON ADAPTIVE MVMT (any combo of mvmt of an object and mvmt of the body)
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15
Q

orienting mvmt

A
  • provides info for effective adaptive mvmt

- mvmts to adjust the sensory apparatus such as the eyes or ears to better luck up relevant info

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16
Q

adaptive mvmt

A

mvmts to either maintain or change the position of the body; mvmt made to maintain or change position of an object

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17
Q

non-adaptive mvmts

A

reflexive mvmts

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18
Q

info processing (can be quick or long)

A

study of behavioral processes that underlie mvmt.

*onset of stimulus

  1. INPUT- onset of stimulus- internal and external stimuli
  2. CENTRAL PROCESSING- perception, decision, effector
  • 2.5. onset of response
    3. OUTPUT- mvmt, process and product
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19
Q

Mvmt process

A
  • info processing and form of mvmt is part
  • motor plan: developed in decision process and relates to what the performer intends to do
  • motor program: developed in the effector process and it guides the mvmt w/ neuromuscular commands
  • motor pattern: using technology , biomechanists study the motor pattern.
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20
Q

mvmt product

A

related to outcome or achievement of the goal of the mvmt

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21
Q

taxonomy

A

system for classifying things. to create, evaluate, analyze, apply, understand, remember
-Gentile: mvmts of body + constraints of the environment

22
Q

spatial

A

where things are in space

23
Q

temporal

A

timing

24
Q

open skills in terms of spatial and temporal

A

has both which have to be predicted

25
Q

Knapp

A

-continuum of open and closed skills.

26
Q

Gentile- open

A

relevant factors in environment are moving. Externally paced

27
Q

gentile- closed

A

relevant factors are stationary. self paced

28
Q

intertrial variability

A

related to changed in the mvmt patterns caused by changes in the environment from trial to trial

29
Q

mvmt pattern

A

form of mvmt

30
Q

knowledge of performance feedback

A

appropriate for closed skills bc a single pattern of mvmt emerges late in practice

31
Q

knowledge of results feedback

A

appropriate for open skills bc motor patterns diversify for open skills

32
Q

environmental constraints

A

when the relevant factors are moving or stationary

33
Q

open skills

A
  • spatial and temporal factors
  • predictability limited
  • relevant factors are moving
  • info processing is ongoing
  • mvmt patterns diversify
34
Q

closed skills

A

-only spatial factors govern performance
-predictability is somewhat unlimited
-relevat factors are stationary
-info processing demands are low
mvmt patterns tend to fixate

35
Q

adaptive mvmt

A

-goal directed mvmt. it can be:
A. mvmt made to change or maintain the position of the body
B. mvmt made to change or maintain the position of an object
C. any combo of A + B

36
Q

Limb Transport Manipulation

A

manipulation of an object.

-mvmt manipulation may or may not be present (LTM or NO LTM)

37
Q

Dead space

A
  • period of time when it is too late to make a change in the mvmt pattern bc we live in the recent past
  • when you’re unable to respond to a stimulus
  • ONLY when body is being transported
38
Q

discrete skills

A

those with an identifiable beginning and ending. Ex: kicking, throwing striking

39
Q

continuous skills

A

no identifiable beginning and ending ex: running, skipping, cycling, swimming

40
Q

serial skils

A

series of discrete skills connected together. ex: receiving a vball w/ a bump and then going up for a spike, or fielding a ball and throwing to first

41
Q

paradigm

A

model for doing things

-able to identify effects of independent variables on dependent

42
Q

Nominal

A
  • lowest
  • categories of measurement to place people, place, objects into
  • ex: gender, hair color, etc
43
Q

Ordinal

A

-number reflects order

44
Q

interval

A
  • no true zero

- number represents quantity

45
Q

ratio

A

reflects the quantity an object contains. HAS true zero

46
Q

spreadsheet

A

a way to organize data

47
Q

rows

A
  • identified by numbers

- horizontal

48
Q

columns

A
  • identified by letters

- vertical

49
Q

cell

A
  • intersection of row and column

- defined by letter and number

50
Q

task complexity

A

of subcomponents that make up a skill and the info processing demands imposed by the task

51
Q

task organization

A

degree to which the subcomponents of the skill are interdependent

Motor Learning (1 decks)

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