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DDS1-Oral Biology > midterm 1 > Flashcards

midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

factors affecting gene expression

A
  • time (development stage)
  • environment (in body)
  • type of cell
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2
Q

do most dental diseases follow mendelian inheritance

A

no

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3
Q

which dental diseases follow mendelian inheritance

A
  • amelogenesis imperfecta

- dentinogenesis imperfecta

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4
Q

what general diseases (following mendelian) affect teeth

A
  • cystic fibrosis
  • ectodermal dysplasia
  • down syndrome
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5
Q

issues with down syndrome pt

A
  • caries
  • malocclusion
  • abnormally shaped teeth
  • MAXILLARY HYPOPLASIA
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6
Q

multifactorial inheritance/ complex traits are due to

A

gene-environment interactions and changes in gene expression

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7
Q

multifactorial inheritance examples

A
  • clept lip/palate
  • dental caries
  • perio
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8
Q

response to environmental factors and susceptibility to disease is due to

A

modifying gene expression

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9
Q

can only modify dental diseases by

A

modifying environmental factors

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10
Q

what two genes affect caries

A

GLUT2 and TAS1R2

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11
Q

GLUT2

A

thr/ile polymorphisms = higher caries

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12
Q

TAS1R2

A

ile/ile polymorphisms = higher caries

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13
Q

higher associations and less discrimination/noise

A
  1. environment
  2. oral microbiome
  3. salivary proteome
  4. genome
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14
Q

what 6 factors make up comprehensive caries risk assessment model

A
  • SES
  • OH and F-
  • diet
  • genomic markers
  • microbiome markers
  • proteomic/metabolomic markers
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15
Q

alveolar bone remodels during

A
  • tooth eruption
  • mastication
  • ortho tooth movement
  • jaw bone (pathology)
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16
Q

steps for RANK

A
  1. osteoblast makes RANKL
  2. RANKL binds to RANK on pre-osteoclasts
  3. diff into osteoclasts and resorption begins
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17
Q

inhibitor of RANKL

A

osteoprotegerin (OPG)

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18
Q

what secretes OPG

A

osteoblasts

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19
Q

osteoblasts are derived from what

A

lining cells on bone

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20
Q

what do osteoclasts make

A

howship lacuna (bone pit)

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21
Q

what enzyme is found on ruffled border

A

cathepsin k

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22
Q

steps for HAP dissolution

A
  1. osteoclast makes carbonic anhydrase II
  2. CAII releases H+
  3. H+ move out by ATP pump
  4. pH drops to 2.5-3.0
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23
Q

what two enzymes are important for degrading organic materix

A

-cathepsin K and MMP-9

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24
Q

what does cathepsin k make

A

collagenase to break down type I collagen

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25
Q

what does mmp-9 make

A

collagenase B

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26
Q

function of collagenase B from mmp-9

A

migration and GF

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27
Q

function of mmp-13

A

resorption and differentiation

28
Q

steps to remove products of resorptive zone

A
  1. endocytosis
  2. membrane bound vesicle
  3. fuse with FUNCTIONAL SECRETORY DOMAIN (FSD)
  4. exocytosis
29
Q

postmen women have low estrogen causing

A

high RANKL= more osteoclasts = more bone loss

30
Q

what inhibits osteoclasts

A

bisphosphonate

31
Q

people taking BISPH can have

A

osteonecrosis of the jaw bone during surgery (BRONJ)

32
Q

RANKL knockout mice had

A
  • osteopetrosis
  • defects in tooth eruption
  • low osteoclast #
33
Q

mineralized tissues are

A

composite materials

34
Q

human teeth are

A

composite of composite structures

35
Q

forms of calcium carbonate

A
  • acc
  • valerite
  • aragonite
  • calcite
36
Q

aragonite crystals forms a

A

“stack of coins” structure that make up gastropod nacre

37
Q

hard connective tissues example

A
  • dentine
  • cementum
  • bone
  • not enamel (no collagen; has distinct enamel proteins)
38
Q

what makes up hard CT

A

fibrous protein (eg. collagen) and proteoglycans, phosphoporteins, phospholipids

39
Q

main mineral in teeth**

A

calcium phosphate dihyrate

40
Q

structure of calcium phosphate dihydrate

A

rhombic prism

41
Q

ca phosphate OH2 can form

A

-crystallites (hard tissue)
OR
-rods (enamel) (bigger)

42
Q

3 surfaces of apatite crystallite

A
  1. hydration shell
  2. crystal interior
  3. crystal surface
    * change occurs at all surfaces
43
Q

dihydrate ions can be exchanged with

A

F- and Cl-

44
Q

conversion of HAP to FAP

A

2OH- replace with 2F-

-longer and wider

45
Q

advantage of FAP over HAP

A

FAP doesnt dissolve much in acid than HAP

46
Q

two methods of achieving mineralization

A
  1. matrix vesicles

2. heterogenous nucleation

47
Q

what mechanical model of equilibrium is Ca Phos

A

metastable

48
Q

phase transition of ca phos

A

single ions, clusters, larger clusters, solid

49
Q

supersaturated tissue fluid undergoes

A

spontaneous precipitation

50
Q

homogenous nucleation or matrix vesicles

A

solids increase in size and rupture vesicles, solid deposits on matrix

51
Q

heterogenous nucleation

A
  1. ca-proteo in gap of collagen fibrils
  2. 3P cleave them
  3. attract - particles so P come in
52
Q

enamel composition

A

mineral 95
organic 1
water 4

53
Q

developing enamel composition

A

mineral 15
organic 20
water 65

54
Q

dentin composition

A

mineral 70
organic 20
water 10

55
Q

bone composition

A

mineral 60
organic 20
water 20

56
Q

cementum composition

A

mineral 50
organic 20
water 30

57
Q

FAP is more/less thermodynamically stable than HAP

A

more

58
Q

3 properties of FAP after F- substitution

A
  • more compact
  • less acid soluble
  • easier to remineralize
59
Q

inorganic oral care product

A

amorphous calcium phosphate

60
Q

bioglass

A

-raises pH (trades H+ for Na+), allows precip, HAP over dentin

61
Q

bioapetite

A
  • less crystallinity

- many structures due to diff 1proteins

62
Q

main type of collagen in bone

A

type I collagen

63
Q

function of alkaline phosphatase

A

shuttles P from proteins to HAP and back

64
Q

matrix vesicles deliver

A

proteins like osteopontin to mineralization foci

65
Q

without the dentin proteins you get

A

too much predentin and not enough maturation

66
Q

DSP/DPP protein is associated with

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta type 3

67
Q

what non-collag protein is found in cementum

A

osteopontin

DDS1-Oral Biology (1 decks)

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