midterm 1 Flashcards
1st part – short paragraphs Give a definition of a term + event related("isms", name; section of the constitution) For the Readings: Know the authors' name (e.g. what did ___ said about __?) 2nd part – larger answers 3rd part – Essay To identify pieces and put them together
What is Hartz’s theory about?(3)
“Fragment Theory”
Fragments from the “Old World”(through waves pf immigration/waves) shaped the “New World” political culture.
Thinks that Canadian socialism rejects the American ideology of socialism
How does Hartz describe societies founded by Europeans?(e.g. Fr/Eng-Canada, US, Australia, etc.) (3)
According to Hartz, French-Canada along with Latin America are “feudal fragments”. They have tory values and their point of departure was before the “liberal revolution”.
English-Canada, US, South Africa are “bourgeois fragments”, preach liberal individualism and left tory values behind.
Australia is said to be a “radical fragment” of Britain’s working class ideologies of the mid-19th
What is wrong with the Hartzian approach?(1)
If his theory would be true, then it would imply that socialism in Canada is nonexistent.
What does Horrowitz think about the Fragment Theory?(2)
He thinks it’s wrong because Canadian socialism comes from tory values. Also, the US did not develop socialism because of liberalism.
What is Grant’s text “Lament for a Nation” about?(1)
About how Canadian English’s political culture is eroding due to US’ influence/power and proximity to Canada.
During the Bomarc Missile Crisis in the 1960s, the Liberals/PM Pearson accepted to have American warheads on Canadian soil, which Grant describes as a failure and the fall of Canadian nationalism.
Grant describes French-Canadian as the “true remaining Canadians”, why?
Because of their tory values, and their will to preserve their culture and autonomy.
They favour virtue over individuality + have a sense of community b/c of Catholicism
The “political process” has 5 steps, what are they?
- Define the problem
- Organize it
Affected subgroups of the population; political constituency, government type; build public agenda - Come up with public policy solutions
- Agree on solutions to make a collective decision
e.g. voting for a party
May produce an outcome that not everybody agrees on - Implementing a response
What are the roles of ideas, interests and institutions during each step in a political process?(3)
Ideas(heavy lifting in politics):
Informing people ==> mentality change + motivate political behavior
(Informing ppl) creates a “Us vs. Them” narrative: race; gender; nationality, region, neighborhood; political stance; … car plate
Ideas transcend and change over time
Political culture: systems of shared meaning, shared group
It may explain our healthcare systems, our laws, etc.
e.g. Thinking about how being a socialist society influences our laws
Interests:
Actors’ interests = impact on behaviours
e.g. people with a lower income may support a redistribution tax program
Institutions:
Can affect political processes and behaviours
e.g. the political process of a constitutional monarchy differs from the ~ of a republic
Change through time
Describe the Left(4)
“Classical” socialism vs. “Contemporary” socialism (social democrat)
Socialism:
Scholars: Karl Marx(struggle between social classes; disdain of capitalism –> accumulation of wealth at the expense of the poor/proletariat)
Part of a union, affiliated with an association; thrives for equality and social justice; Fair redistribution of income taxes –> favors social programs, taxes depends on income size
Purpose: collective good, fair redistribution of wealth
Describe the Right(3)
“Classical” conservatism vs. “contemporary” conservatism
Conservatism:
Commitment to traditions; “if it’s working, then keep it”; presence of a social hierarchy(in respect to some distinctions).;
societal approach; traditionalist
Conservative people tend to agree with the social hierarchy because they fit with the superior part of it.
Describe the Middle(political spectrum)(4)
“classical/market” liberalism vs. “Contemporary” Liberalism
Liberalism –> liberality –> all individuals are entitled to fundamental liberties;
progressiveness; individuality; equal chances
Scholars: Locke(social contract theory; primacy of moral liberty + individual freedom)
The intervention of the state acts when the security and the property of its citizens is at risk
What is so similar yet so different between conservatives and liberals?
They both aim for the collective good and individual freedom, yet their commitments may appear different
What words does Gad Horowitz use to describe/compare the US and Canada?
Canada: “Tory, Non-Marxists/British, worldly”
US: “German, Marxists, other-worldly”
What does George Grant think of US Nuclear Weapons on Canadian soil?
Grant thinks that the rejection of PM Diefenbaker in favor of Pearson by the Canadian public is a “failure”. (American nuclear weapons on Canadian soil)
“To be a Liberal is to reject Canada’s fundamental values”
Who said that?
George Grant
What is happening with Canada’s and the US’ political cultures?
There is a decline of deference between ideologies.
What was Alisa Henderson’s study about?
She analyzed the dynamics of Canada’s political cultural; she observed the behaviour of regions and provinces.
How can “Regionalism” be defined in Canada?
politics of territory
e.g. politicians using the region card for electoral support b/c they assume that different regions have different issues, therefore, have different types of electoral support
territorialization of politics
e.g. “policies are driven by the territory”; Immigration policies adapted to a province’s economy because of the exploitation of resources/sectors of their economy, etc.
How are the regions defined?(in Canada)
Natural boundaries(e.g. climate), political constructions(e.g. economy, immigration)
How are the regions perpetuated politically?
Legal institutions and political parties identify their nomenclature with their region
e.g. to represent Quebec with a Quebec party
Politicians often play the “___ card” to gain more support.
“Region”
What are the 4 interrelated elements that can explain Canada’s political culture
Culture: e.g. language, ethnicity
Political Behavior: e.g. vote choice
Political Culture/Attitudes: e.g. deference to authority, efficacy
Region: e.g. somewhat defined
What does Alisa Henderson want to explain with her study?
She wants to explain the variance of political attitudes across the country.
How did Henderson conduct her study?(Analysis, Data, Variables)
Uses cluster analysis and multiple datasets(i.e. organized political geography using federal district boundaries + CES 2000)
DV: Regions
IV: Political Attitudes
Treatment variables: ethnicity, culture, language, urban vs. rural, etc.
