Midterm 1

Question 1

Which classical sociologist treats social facts as things?

Answer 1

Durkheim

Question 2

Which theory is described as: societal norms that are agreed upon in small scale societies?

Answer 2

Mechanical Solidarity

Question 3

Which type of society becomes more based on division of labour?

Answer 3

Organic Society

Question 4

What is modern society?

Answer 4

A collective consciousness or organic solidarity

Question 5

What type of sociologist was Durkheim considered as?

Answer 5

Positivist and Structural-Functionalist

Question 6

Which sociologist believed that relations of classes are relations of conflict?

Answer 6

Marx

Question 7

What did Marx believe was the reason we continuously have class conflict?

Answer 7

Capitalism

Question 8

What are the aspects in the set of social institutions that allowed Marx to understand Capitalism?

Answer 8

Economic, political and religious

Question 9

What are the parts of the base or superstructure?

Answer 9

Base is economic institutions, superstructure is other social institutions

Question 10

What is the relationship between the base and the superstructure?

Answer 10

They exist to legitimate the interest of the ruling class.

Question 11

Which sociologist rejected the idea that studying people is the same as studying events in the natural world?

Answer 11

Weber

Question 12

What is subjective meanings?

Answer 12

Individuals attach meanings to their behaviour

Question 13

What is the subject matter to sociology according to Weber?

Answer 13

Social action

Question 14

What is Macroextremism?

Answer 14

Pays more attention to society than individuals

Question 15

Which modern theory believed that social structures and processes extend across time and through space?

Answer 15

Macroextremism

Question 16

Name the macro-entities (4)

Answer 16

Norms, values, social classes and social institutions

Question 17

Which approach is related to Talcott Parsons?

Answer 17

Functionalism / Structural-Functional Approach

Question 18

What is functionalism?

Answer 18

Societies have their own needs, goals and interests

Question 19

What are some criticisms of functionalism?

Answer 19

Stresses factors that lead to stability

Question 20

Which theory treats the degree of integration as an empirical question

Answer 20

Structural-functional response

Question 21

What is latent function?

Answer 21

Unrecognised and unintended consequences

Question 22

What is dysfunction?

Answer 22

Consequences that undermine the operation of society as a whole

Question 23

Which theory emphasizes the constraining nature of social influences on our actions?

Answer 23

Social conflict approach

Question 24

What does social conflict approach do? (3 things)

Answer 24

Pays attention to class division, accentuates inequality and believed that domination-subordination holds society together

Question 25

What is micro-extremism?

Answer 25

Focuses more on individuals than society

Question 26

What is micro-extremism concerned with?

Answer 26

Everyday life and how intentions are central to explaining what individuals do.

Question 27

How does micro-extremism view society?

Answer 27

Individuals create society through meaningful behaviour

Question 28

Who are primary names in the work of symbolic interactionism?

Answer 28

Mead, Cooley, Thomas and Blumer

Question 29

What is the focus of symbolic interactionism?

Answer 29

The interactions between people through symbols. Understanding the meaning that people attach to their everyday life

Question 30

What is ethno-methodology?

Answer 30

The study of the subconscious rules we uphold in everyday life

Question 31

Who conducted a study of ethno-methodology by breaking everyday norms?

Answer 31

Garfinkel

Question 32

What is micro-macro linkage?

Answer 32

Focuses on the relationship between society and individuals while rejecting both at the same time

Question 33

Which modern theory believes that you can only hold one view on society and individuals at once?

Answer 33

Micro-macro linkage

Question 34

The link between individuals and societies argues what?

Answer 34

That individuals and societies are mutually constituting and mutually constituted

Question 35

What is the structuration theory of Giddens?

Answer 35

Social relationships exists only when individuals actively repeat particular forms of conduct from one time and place to another

Question 36

What are the four alternatives to sociological research and scientific research?

Answer 36

Authority, tradition, common sense and personal experience

Question 37

What is quantitative data?

Answer 37

Expressed as numbers

Question 38

What is qualitative data?

Answer 38

Words and pictures

Question 39

What are the ethical issues in sociological research?

Answer 39

Informed consent

Question 40

What is a statistically significant result?

Answer 40

Did not occur by chance. Is represented with at least one *

Question 41

Which sociologists can be considered as macro-extremists?

Answer 41

Durkheim and Marx

Question 42

Which sociologists can be considered as micro-extremists?

Answer 42

Weber

Question 43

Which two groups did Durkheim use in his study of suicide?

Answer 43

Catholics and Protestants

Question 44

Why did Durkheim study Catholics and Protestants in his theory of suicide?

Answer 44

Because Protestants were somewhat exiled from society, he found that they had higher suicide rates because they were less accepted.

Question 45

What are the 5 stages of the research process?

Answer 45

Creating a research problem, selecting a research method, doing the research, interpreting the results, reporting the findings