Midterm 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Held and Hein
A
- Did the kittens study in which some weren’t able to see and some weren’t able to move and determined that you need both visual and motor experience to have depth perception
2
Q
Socrates
A
‘Socrates and the Boy’
- Believed that we knew things from our past lives, and that we didn’t necessarily know them by learning about them in our current lives
3
Q
Aristotle
A
- Believed all knowledge comes from experience, and that child-rearing should be adjusted to the needs of the chile
4
Q
Plato
A
- Believed that we are born with knowledge, and advocated for strict discipline and self-control
5
Q
John Locke
A
‘Tabula Rasa’:
believed we are born as blank slates
- emphasized Nurture
6
Q
Charles Darwin
A
- Kept detailed notes on his children’s developments; conducted the first English empirical research study on development
7
Q
Sigmund Freud
A
- Believed that the psychological development in childhood took place in 5 steps, and that the first 5 years of a child’s life were most important and determined their personality and such
- Emphasized that behavior is motivated by innate, unconscious, instinctive drives
8
Q
Behaviorism
A
- An idea that believed we should only study observable things (what we can see), and that all behavior results from ‘stimulus’ and ‘response’
- Believed that nurture was all that mattered
9
Q
Watson
A
- Little albert experiment
- Believed it showed that you can teach someone anything, and that it’s not just ‘built in’
- He was a proponent of behaviorism?
10
Q
Jean Piaget
A
- Father of modern developmental psychology
- Basically founded field of cognitive development
- Did experiments on the idea of conservation (pouring water into a different shaped glass and asking if there’s the same amount of water in it)
- Also believed there are certain stages in development, and that you have to pass each stage to go on to the next
- Argued that children are ‘little scientists’, and ‘active learners’
11
Q
Lev Vygotsky
A
- A big proponent of sociocultural theory, which states that social interaction plays a big role in a child’s development
- He believed that culture plays a big role in how we learn, and that EVERYONE’s culture is different
- He stressed the importance of language
12
Q
Huntington’s Disease
A
- Due to dominant mutation
13
Q
PKU (Phenylketonuria)
A
- Genetic disability in which a person can’t metabolize phenylalanine, which can build up and cause intellectual disability
14
Q
Epigenesis
A
- The belief that we develop via the emergence of new structures and functions during development, and that cells multiple and differentiate. This idea was supported by Aristotle.
There was evidence for this in William Harvey’s studies, in which he dissected chicken eggs to observe the embryos over their development
15
Q
Preformationism
A
- The idea that organisms develop from miniature versions of themselves, which are either in the egg or the sperm, depending on who you ask
16
Q
Zygote
A
- 1-2 weeks
17
Q
Embryo
A
3-8 weeks
18
Q
Fetus
A
9-38 weeks
19
Q
Early Sex Difference
A
- There is a 50/50 split at conception
- Female fetuses are less likely to survive early gestation, which is why there may be a slight male bias at birth
20
Q
What experiences the fetus gets in the womb
A
- Lots of motor experiences, some sight, smell, and taste experience, and lots of hearing experience.
