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BIO 1070 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Evolution

A

the study of adaptive and non-adaptive change overtime in populations and origins and extinctions, and the relationships among living things

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2
Q

Nested Hierarchy

A

refers to the way taxonomic groups fit neatly inside other taxonomic groups

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3
Q

What are the biological levels of organization? What term does not fit into this nested hierarchy?

A

Ecosystem - community - population - organism - organ system - organ - tissue - cell - molecule - atom
Biosphere

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4
Q

Describe the unioid life cycle.

A

Glochidia attach to host fish and leave when juvenile

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5
Q

Why do glochidia attach to host fish?

A

Because they cannot swim or crawl

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6
Q

What are conglutinates?

A

Membranous capsules that enclose glochidia and mimic host prey so fish eats it, spits it out but glochidia stays

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7
Q

What do mussels do in terms of host capture in the unioid life cycle?

A

Mussels physically grips host and pumps glochidia over gills

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8
Q

What does a simple lure do?

A

Has modified mantle tissue to catch host attention to attract a fish

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9
Q

What does a complex lure do?

A

Has modified mantle tissue to mimic host fish or invertebrate prey to attract a host

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10
Q

Genetic Variation

A

Differences at the DNA level among individuals within a population or species

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11
Q

Natural Selection

A

non-random differences in survival and/or reproduction among individuals’ entities on the basis of differences in heritable characteristics

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12
Q

Mutation

A

errors in DNA replication, are not for benefit

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13
Q

Point Mutation

A

Error in DNA sequencing

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14
Q

Chromosome mutation

A

rearrangement or fusing of chromosome segments

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15
Q

Gene duplication

A

Accidental duplication of DNA

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16
Q

Genome duplication

A

Addition of a complete set of chromosomes

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17
Q

Gene flow

A

Exchanging of alleles (through reproduction) across different populations

18
Q

Genetic Drift

A

Random difference in survival and/or reproduction among individual entities NOT on the basis of differences in heritable characteristics

19
Q

Bottleneck effect

A

Type of genetic variation, when the size of a population is randomly reduced due to a natural/human disaster

20
Q

Founder effect

A

Type of genetic variation, when a small subset of a population establishes a new colony due to random circumstances

21
Q

Sexual selection

A

a type of natural selection in which members of one biological sex choose or compete for mates of the other sex

22
Q

Artificial selection

A

the intentional breeding of plants or animals

23
Q

Speciation

A

occurs when gene flow is stopped, the formation of a new species

24
Q

Evolutionary tree

A

a visual representation of the branching patterns of evolution

25
Q

Clade

A

a groups of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all of its descendants

26
Q

Monophyletic

A

a clade

27
Q

Paraphyletic

A

NOT a clade, missing either a common ancestor . or a descendent

28
Q

Homologous trait

A

inherited from a common ancestor

29
Q

Homoplasyous trait

A

evolved independently

30
Q

Convergent

A

the process whereby organisms not closely related independently develop similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments

31
Q

Divergent

A

the process of tracing two or more species back to a common ancestor

32
Q

What is the order of determining species

A

Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus- species

33
Q

Diversity

A

Number of species in a taxonomic group or geographical area

34
Q

Ontogeny

A

involves significant changes in morphology from youth to old age

35
Q

Sexual dimorphism

A

distinct differences between the sexes of organism

36
Q

Disparity

A

how different species are from each other

37
Q

Phenotypic Plasticity

A

cases in which the same set of genes can result in different feature according to the environmental conditions

38
Q

Infraspecific variation

A

differences that occur within a species

39
Q

Abundance

A

number of individuals

40
Q

Adaptation

A

a characteristic that enhances the survival and/or reproduction of organisms that bear it relative to alternative character states

41
Q

Extirpation

A

individuals of the species still exist, but they are not found in an area where they were once common

42
Q

Faunal turnover

A

fossils records that reveal the movement of species from a community

BIO 1070 (1 decks)

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