Midterm 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Space-time compression
A
The idea that time has sped up and space seems to shrink due to the aspects of globalization. Ease of transportation shrinks space, technological advancements in communication shrinks time.
2
Q
Commodity fetishism
A
- idea presented by Marx.
- social processes that make a commodity: labour, environmental degradation, and demand.
- we do not see the hidden factors when we take the product to market.
- social commodity example: gold, value of gold is a social phenomenon, not the value of the natural product.
3
Q
3 sisters
A
- beans, corn, squash.
- grown together on the same plot
- compliment one another: beans are nitrogen fixing, squash prevents erosion, corn stalks protect beans from weather.
- long term soil stability.
- allows Huron to have social and economic power
4
Q
Caribou Water Crossings
A
Inuit
- spring: hunted large numbers of migrating caribou, lived in disperse camps to catch max. Caribou.
- fall: hunted on 2-3 week span, skins used to make clothing. Hunted migrating caribou at water crossings when the animals were swimming.
- summer: hunting was opportunistic, geography adapted to caribou transitions.
5
Q
Castor gris
A
- coat made out of beaver
- consisted of wool and felt (not fur)
- second-hand from Indig people
- shipped across Atlantic Ocean
- fashion in Western Europe
6
Q
Voyageurs
A
- had gambling lifestyles
- in charge of transporting fur via canoe
- decline due to new inventions of railway and transport
- part of the French Fur Trade
7
Q
Beaver Wars
A
- Huron held balance of power until 1698
- 1698- Great Peace of Montreal where representatives normalized French relations with Iroquois
- outcome: collapse of Huronia
- Iroquois invasion took out Huron population
- French expanded to middleland because Hurons were gone.
- French able to set up wide trade network
8
Q
Metis Ethnogenesis
A
- new identity and culture
- new Indig (Great Lake Metis) formed from NWC voyageurs
9
Q
Arctic Fur Trade
A
- HBC expanded to Arctic, and Inuit were dependant on fur trade.
- Arctic fox: key species- had population cycles, therefore government provided “relief” commodities
- price of fox decreased and forced Inuit to relocate to track furs
- many Inuit died through famine
10
Q
Core-Periphery Relationship
A
- core consisted of metropolis who had industrial power.
- periphery consisted of the frontier and hinterlands for development in the core as it provided markets and raw resources
- development in the periphery was blocked due to staples trap, and was vulnerable to booms and busts.
- core controls periphery through dependency
11
Q
Dependency
A
Resources flow from the periphery to the core, enriching the core at the expense of the periphery
12
Q
East Coast Cod Fishery
A
- early fishery: massive market for fish in Catholic colonies which made cod economically viable.
- British fisheries took over by attacking others’ boats, then colonized NFLD, as fishers stayed year round to protect fishing gear.
- decreased fish led to communities struggling financially
- lack of government response
- government announced no fishing in 1992
- bust caused by mismanagement
13
Q
Arctic whale hunt
A
- commercial whale hunt began in 1500 for meat and oil to use for fuel in lamps and lubricant for industrial machinery.
- Scottish arrived and had sporadic contact with Inuit
- whale hunt decreased as petroleum use increased
- bust: foreign whale hunting ships, no government involved
14
Q
Boom-Bust Cycles
A
- boom: investment or production when prices are high and resources are plentiful
- bust: price collapse and resources are depleted
- ex) beaver hats in arctic
15
Q
Habitants
A
- agricultural settlers/peasants
- had right to use land but did not own it
- mandatory labour
16
Q
Wheat Economy (Western Canada)
A
- drove initial agricultural settlement on the prairies
- prairies were known as ‘the bread basket of the Empire’ and were expected to go through a lot of development
- wheat was in high demand, easy to ship, light weighted.
- Great Depression + drought lead to bust of wheat economy, farmers moved to cities as they lost their land.
17
Q
Metabolic Rift
A
- related to ecology and agriculture/forestry
- disruption of normal/natural nutrient cycling with modern mechanized agriculture
- rift never really resolves, just transforms
- ex) exporting food from country to town saps soil nutrients, and causes degradation of country soil, increases reliance on fertilizers to replenish nutrients. Increases nutrients in water sources, cause algae blooms
