midterm 1 Flashcards
what level of government is responsible for sexual health curriculum?
provincial/territorial
in what year were the canadian guidelines for sex ed updated?
2008
what model is the focus in new canadian sex ed policy?
information-motivation-behavioural skills model
what are the 3 factors that initiate and maintain sexual behaviours?
information, motivation, and behaviour
what kinds of programs teach both about abstinence and about strategies to avoid sti’s and pregnancy?
comprehensive
what kinds of programs are critiqued for preventing informed sexual decisions by young people?
abstinence-only
what percentage of teen tv programs depict sexual activities?
70%
how many hours on average do teens in grades 9-12 spend per day using media/technology?
8.2 hrs
national average of first intercourse compared to average first age of intercourse for street youth
17 vs 14 yrs
what demographic had the highest increase in sti rates between 2002 and 2011
women over 60
what and when was the first film to depict nudity?
“inspiration” in 1915
when were the first male-male kiss and female-female kiss depicted on TV?
1960 and 1971
when and on what show was the first interracial kiss?
star trek in 1968
what does judaism believe about sexuality?
they are basically good and part of god’s creation
what does catholicism believe about sexuality?
abortion, contraception, and non-reproductive sex are bad
what does islam believe about sexuality?
sex was good within marriage. being gay not acceptable
what does hinduism believe about sexuality?
sex is necessary part of life within marriage
what was the main focus of sex ed curriculum in the 1940’s?
venereal diseases
what are the 5 stages of psychosexual development?
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
what does daryl bem’s “exotic becomes erotic” theory try to explain?
that sexual orientation is learned - child feels different from same sex peers and then becomes attracted to them
what 2 things are primary reinforcers in operant conditioning?
food and sex
what does the social exchange theory say about relationships?
people try to minimize costs and maximize benefits
what does recent evidence show regarding male sexual orientation and chromosomes?
it is linked to chromosomes 8 and X
competition between members of the same sex for a mate
intrasexual competition
a female picks the best male for a mate
intersexual selection
dual control model of sexuality
human sexual response involves the interaction of excitement and inhibition
what do social constructionists highlight?
we are influenced by sources outside our biology
what do sociological theorists highlight?
important institutions influence how sexuality is defined and expressed
what does social script theory indicate?
social interactions are made easy to follow because of culturally predefined patterns of behaviour
what are the 4 levels/systems in the ecological model?
microsystems, mesosystems, exosystems, macrosystems
define archival data-mining
sorting through pre-existing data
what are 4 types of hymens
normal, imperforate, micro perforate, septate
3 layers of uterus
endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
about how many milk-producing glands does each breast contain?
15-20
which cylinders fill with blood?
corpora cavernous
which cylinder remains spongy during arousal?
corpus spongiosum
where is the dartos and what does it do
inner layer of scrotum, makes testes contract with cold
what are the 3 classes of hormones?
lipid & phospholipid; peptide; and monoamine
steroid hormones are in which class? give 3 examples
lipid & phospholipid. androgens, estrogens, progestogens
what are 4 peptide hormones?
FSH, LH, vasopressin, oxytocin
what are 2 monoamine hormones?
adrenaline and noradrenaline
what does HPG axis stand for
hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal
what are the 3 menstrual phases?
menses, proliferative, and secretory
which hormone takes over in the latter half of the menstrual cycle?
progesterone
what are the 2 phases in gonadotropic hormone levels?
follicular and luteal
which hormone causes testes to secrete testosterone?
LH (luteinizing hormone)
sexual thoughts increase which hormones in women and which hormones in men?
estradiol in women and testosterone in men
which glands produce pheromones?
apocrine glands
which hormone do pregnancy tests detect?
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
how long is the germinal stage and what happens in it?
less than a week. blastocysts develops before implantation in the uterus
how long is the embryonic stage and what happens in it?
8 weeks. placenta, amniotic sac, and most major organ systems develop
at how many weeks might a fetus get into the birth position?
32 weeks
describe the process of “engagement”
the fetus drops so its head is pushing against the mother’s pelvic bones
what is the final stage of labour before the baby is born and how long does it last?
transition stage, 30 mins
how large is a fully dilated cervix?
10 cm
when does stage 2 of a vaginal birth begin and end?
begin: cervix fully dilated. end: birth of baby.
what happens during stage 3 of labour?
placenta comes out and uterus begins process of contracting
what are 2 medical interventions the baby receives immediately after birth?
silver nitrate drops to help clear vision and vitamin K injection to ensure normal blood clotting
3 major categories of postpartum conditions
postpartum blues, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis
how long are couples advised to wait before having sex after childbirth?
6 weeks
how long do canadian health organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for?
6 months
