Midterm 1 Flashcards
paternalism is?
paternalistically when we override someone’s autonomy for his or her own good
What is the principle of doubt?
when there is no clear resolution to a moral issue, do what will preserve life
Therapeutic experiment
testing the effectiveness of treatments that offer benefit
Non therapeutic expierment
just to advance the knowledge of medicine
a nurse should have a _______ relationship with a patient?
convenatal relationship
Cultural Ethical Relativism is?
what is right depends on what one’s culture believes is right
Priority?
serving the overall best interests of the patient, as defined by the patient
libertarian position?
anything that happens in a free market must be allowed
what is the difference between agency and autonomy?
agency (whenever she is able to make a choice and act on it, under pressure to make a decision)
autonomy (it requires that we are in no way oppressed)
developmental version of relational autonomy
persons develop continuously within a network of relationships
conceptual version of relational autonomy
autonomous is not to be independent, because we simply cannot do anything without our relationships coming along with us; rather, to be autonomous is to be free of oppression, whether external or internalized
what does it mean to be fully informed?
to be given as much knowledge as possible, not meant literally
moral subsistence level?
level of resources, well-being, etc. that everyone is entitled to
_____________ consent protects patient autonomy?
informed
what is the difference between interest and wishes?
interest (if it will benefit you)
wishes (is a decision about what one wants)
idiosyncratic vs incompetance?
when regarding wishes
idiosyncratic (disallow idiosyncracy is to disallow autonomy: patients must generally be allowed wishes that do not make sense to us)
incompetence (strangeness is not sufficient, some one does not get theyre wish)
what is surrogate consent?
If a patient is unable to give consent, the law requires that a surrogate be appointed to act on her behalf
a living will is?
document that specifies one’s wishes in case one becomes incompetent
what are the two rules of informed consent in research?
- duty to obtain voluntary agreement to participate before the beginning of treatment
- a duty to disclose adequate information to the participant before they agree to participate
what are the 3 principles of ethics?
respect for autonomy, beneficence,, and justice
the surfaxin trial was?
A new drug trial on infants in Latin America has been criticised as unethical because the control group of babies in the trial will be given a placebo rather than another, effective drug. The trial was proposed to be conducted in Bolivia and three other Latin American countries.The placebo-controlled surfactant trial proposed by Discovery Labs would currently be considered unethical in the United States where surfactant treatment is widely available. Those infants who were treated with a placebo would be denied life-saving treatment that is available to those not in the study. This is not the case in Bolivia were surfactant is too expensive and thus generally not available to people not in the study.
describe a slippery slope argument?
event _________ has occured and therefor _____ will happen as a result
normative vs descriptive claim?
normative (questions about what ought to be done, or what is valuable, or what is right)
descriptive (what is understood (or believed, or decreed) to be right or valuable)
instrumental vs instrinsic good?
instrumental good: a good that is of value because it aids our pursuit of other goods.
intrinsic good: Happiness, we value it for its own sake
