Midterm #1 Flashcards
Explain Equality Vs Equity
Equality: Both sides are given the exact same. Ie a tall person and a short person are given the same-size of box to stand on to look over a fence. Also known as “sameness”
Equity: Resources are allocated based on need. Ie The shorter person will get a taller box in order to look over the fence. Also known as “fairness”
What are the points of entry into Health Promotion?
1) Population
2) Health issue
3) The setting/environment
What is a need?
A need is what is needed to bridge the gap between “now” and the “future”
From an undesirable situation to a future, more desirable situation
What are the stages of change?
1) Precontemplation-Not considering lifestyle changes, unaware of risks.
2) Contemplation- Aware of the benefits of change, but need more information.
3) Preparing to change- When percieved benefits outweigh costs+ change seems possible + wortwhile. Individual is ready for change, but may need support.
4) Making the change: The early days of change require the positive decisions by the individual to do things differently.
5) Maintenance: The new behaviour is sustained and the person moves into a healthier lifestyle.
Relapse: If maintaining the behaviour is difficult, they may relapse into previous behaviours. This can occur during any of the previous stages.
Behavioural interventions can be designed to meet the needs of populations at any level
Alma Ata Declaration (1978)
Advocated for upstream prevention of health problems.
Instrumental because communities were expected to participate. Prior to this only nurses and doctors were involved in health promotion. This shifted the power balance by suggesting that you don’t need to be an expert in order to be involved in health promotion. Ordinary citizens can be consulted on their health.
Client centered care- where the client determines the health goal and how to move forward, Has its roots in the ALma Ata Declaration
Participaction
One of Canadas’s flagship health promotion programs- established in 1971
Ie 150 ways to be active etc
Global Strategy for health
1981- a 20 year plan for improving global healthcare. It laid out a roadmap and bench marks to measure progress. This gave a global measurement system for health, even though many of the benchmarks were not met.
The Ottowa Charter for Health Promotion 1986
1986- First international legislation on Health Promotion. Done by the WHO
1990
Health promotion and population health were combined into “ The population health promotion model”
What are the three levels of prevention?
Primary: Prevention- Prevention of the onset of disease. Ie Education, Immunization, Diet etc.
Secondary: Slowing progression of a disease by catching it early. Ie Screening for cancer.
Tertiary:
What are the three levels of prevention?
Primary: Prevention- Prevention of the onset of disease. Ie Education, Immunization, Diet etc.
Secondary: Slowing progression of a disease by catching it early. Ie Screening for cancer.
Tertiary: After illness is already fullblown. Working to reduce further disability and suffering. Ei Rehabilitation
Diffusion of Innovation?
Describes segments of a population by their likelihood to adopt an innovation or health promoting behaviour
Segments are placed on a bell curve: Innovators, Early adopters, early majority, late majority, laggards.
Health Promotion strategy/intervention must be tailored to the target group.
What are the stages of the adoption process? (According to the diffusion of innovation model)
1) Knowledge- exposure to innovation 2- Persuasion- 3- decision 4- implementation 5- confirmation
Health Belief Model
Effective model for predicting why individuals adopt, or fail to adopt HP interventions
Used to identify and reduce percieved barriers
Limitations: Other factors influence health, such as the social determinants of health, which also must be considered
Behavioural interventions can be designed to meet the needs of populations at any level
Precede-Proceed Model
Used as a tool for assessment
