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Qualitative Research > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 ethics pillars

A
  • confidentiality
  • informed consent
  • right to withdraw
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2
Q

Elements of consent form

A
  • Nature of research
  • activities
  • time duration
  • identity of researcher + contact info
  • risks
  • voluntary
  • can withdraw
  • access to more info
  • sign to indicate agreement
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3
Q

Qual research

A

Understand human action through systematic study & analysis

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4
Q

Article 3.7

A

Alter consent requirements:

  • minimal risk
  • impossible to do research w consent
  • unlikely to affect welfare
  • alteration defined
  • debriefing afterward w participant
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5
Q

Types of deception

A
  • not told participating in study
  • misled about purpose of study
  • not aware of correct identity of researcher
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6
Q

Ethics checklist

A
  • How to explain purpose of inquiry/methods
  • why should researched participate in project
  • in what ways will research do harm
  • confidentiality
  • informed consent
  • who will access data
  • how hard will u push for data
  • what ethical framework informs your work & ensures sensitivity beyond what is required by law
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7
Q

Field research

A

Systematic study of ordinary activities in settings they occur

Goal: to understand these activities & what they mean

How: listen, interact, observe to collect data

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8
Q

Research process
For qual, start at step 4 but then go back
Step 3 is important

A
  1. Identify problem
  2. Think about cause of prob
  3. Define concepts
  4. Go to field
  5. Reflect on theory
  6. Publicize results
  7. Replicate results
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9
Q

Building literature in Qual research

A

If non statistically significant, will publish anyway

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10
Q

Considerations when selecting research topic

A

Practicality - time & interpersonal set (status may affect access)

Accessibility - open vs closed space

Familiar vs unfamiliar research topics

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11
Q

3 Sampling Methods Qual

A

Purposive
-pre selected criteria relevant to research Q — if answer pops up x number of times, you have reached theoretical saturation point & may stop

Quota
-how many ppl with what characteristics to include such as membership surveys

Snowball
-access hidden populations through social networks

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12
Q

Difficulties with Field Research

A

Entry
Gatekeepers
Informed consent
Field relationships

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13
Q

Paradigm

A

Basic set of belief that guides actions
Guides field research
Inherent belief about how works works

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14
Q
  1. Post positivist paradigm
  2. Interpretive paradigm
  3. Critical paradigm
A
  1. Quan techniques but use some qual to seek understanding
  2. Understand personal experiences, samples & seek meaning
  3. Critical of what it studies - personal experiences
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15
Q

Interviews

A

Issue-oriented
Usually 1 session
Focus on specific topic
Goal: gain rich qual data on topic researching from ppl who are expects on the topic

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16
Q

3 types of interview

A

Unstructured
-go out in field with topic, ask 1 or 2 short Q’s, informed consent form

Structured
-standardized, follow Q’s exactly & don’t include ur opinion

Semi-structured
-flexibility while maintaining some structure of interview process

17
Q

Before interview
During
End

A
  • get Q’s together & goal
  • rapport, fluid w interview guide, markers & probes, notes on everything
  • leave after, be thankful for their time
18
Q

Interview guide

A

Sets out Q’s or themes to cover – greeting, prompt, questions & conclusion

19
Q

Focus group

A

Multiple ppl interviewed together ( no more than 12)
Moderator asks & gets ind answers around table
Monitor push or pull of convo & group interaction

20
Q

Analyzing focus group data

A

Individual level
-pull out quotes, probes & markers

Group level

  • group narrative, key parts of discussion, reactions, interaction
  • ask rowdy/interruptive participants to leave
21
Q

Ethnography

A

Holistic understanding of how individuals in different cultures & sub cultures make sense of their reality

Field notes, interviews, forms

Understand sub-populations, gov, institutions

22
Q

When is ethnography appropriate

A
  • in depth understanding of social context
  • particular culture individuals engage in
  • particular set of behaviours
23
Q

Positivist theory
Interpretive theory
Critical theory

A
  1. Quan method & semi structure, no observation or ethnography
  2. Describe & understand social reality, middle ground, likes ethnography
  3. Describe, understand & propose solutions, mixed methods, ethnography + quan
24
Q

Role in setting as ethnographer

A

Complete participant
Participant as observer
Observer as participant
Complete observer

25
Q

Challenges with Ethnography

A 
Access to setting
Risk
Time ( time consuming)
Budget
Realistic research Q
26
Q

Observational Research

A

Qual technique done in field
Takes place over long time
Can be done on its own or with another quan / Qual method

27
Q

When is Observation useful?

A

Gain info on unaltered behaviour
Understanding of culture
Study previously un-researched issue
Accuracy of reported behaviour

28
Q

Two Types Observational Research

A
  1. Non participant
    - no interaction or informed consent, observational table, field notes, long time
  2. Participant
    - part of community, can be minimal or extensive(pol sci in middle), memos & jotted notes
    - allows for greater contextual understanding, greater access, detailed
29
Q

Structured vs Unstructured Observation

A

Structured
-table or checklist, comparative research, quantification

Unstructured
-detailed field notes, follow events as unfold, go beyond initial variables

30
Q

Methods of Recording Observation

A

Observation Guide
-printed form, comparative

Observation Table/Checklist
-record behaviour or frequency of it, raw data (like Lab 3)

Field Notes

  • raw notes, date, location
  • brief description in narrative
31
Q

What to Observe?

A

From broad (spaces, objects, actors, events, activity) to detailed (gender, age, interaction, race, body language, social status, etc)

Qualitative Research (1 decks)

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