Midterm #1

Question 1

Central nervous system

Answer 1

Consists of brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

Consists of autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

Question 3

ANS

Answer 3

Regulates subconscious activities such as digestion

Question 4

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 4

Rest& digest portion of ANS

Question 5

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

Fight &flight portion of ANS

Question 6

White matter

Answer 6

Insulated nerve connections (myelin helps fire more efficiently)

Question 7

Gray matter

Answer 7

Cell bodies

Question 8

Rostral

Answer 8

Toward mouth

Question 9

Caudal

Answer 9

Toward tail end

Question 10

Dorsal

Answer 10

Toward top

Question 11

Ventral

Answer 11

Toward bottom/belly

Question 12

Anterior

Answer 12

Front

Question 13

Posterior

Answer 13

Back

Question 14

Superior

Answer 14

Above

Question 15

Inferior

Answer 15

Below

Question 16

Ipsilateral

Answer 16

On the same side

Question 17

Coronal slice

Answer 17

Splits the brain into dorsal and ventral slices (looks like where a crown would go)

Question 18

Axial

Answer 18

Divides brain into rostral and caudal slices (front vs back)

Question 19

Sagittal (midsagittal)

Answer 19

Splits into left and right (if is midsagittal will split into hemispheres)

Question 20

Afferent signal

Answer 20

Goes towards CNS from PNS

Question 21

Efferent signal

Answer 21

Goes out of CNS toward PNS

Question 22

Medulla

Answer 22

Regulates breathing, heart rate, blood pressure

Question 23

Pons

Answer 23

Relays signals between cerebellum and cerebrum

Question 24

Reticular formation

Answer 24

In the midbrain- plays central role in regulating states of consciousness

Question 25

Locus coeruleus

Answer 25

Sends alerting signals to the rest of the brain (uses norepinephrine)

Question 26

Area postrema

Answer 26

Structure in medulla that controls vomiting

Question 27

Substantia nigra

Answer 27

Main source of dopamine which is key in movement, cognition, motivation & reward

Question 28

Raphe nuclei

Answer 28

In the seam between 2 sides of brain stem, main source of serotonin (controls mood sleep behavior)

Question 29

Corpus callosum

Answer 29

Bridge between hemispheres

Question 30

Amygdala

Answer 30

Part of limbic system, is responsible for emotions, survival instincts and memory

Question 31

Where are the four ventricles located?

Answer 31

Two are lateral and at the center of each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex, these two connect to the third ventricle in the midbrain between the left and right thalamus, and the fourth ventricle is tucked between the brainstem and cerebellum

Question 32

Meninges

Answer 32

The three membranes (Dura mater, arachnoid and Pia mater) that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord

Question 33

Dura mater

Answer 33

The tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord

Question 34

Arachnoid mater

Answer 34

Fine delicate membrane, the middle of the three meninges

Question 35

Pia mater

Answer 35

The delicate innermost membrane of the meninges

Question 36

Metacognition

Answer 36

Thinking w/o thinking

Question 37

Soma

Answer 37

Skin, muscle, bone

Question 38

Viscera

Answer 38

Lungs, heart, liver, stomach, pancreas, kidney, intestines, bladder

Question 39

Primary motor cortex

Answer 39

located in the dorsal portion of the frontal lobe. Primary motor cortex is defined anatomically as the region of cortex that contains large neurons that send long axons down the spinal cord to synapse onto the spinal cord and onto the motor neurons in the spinal cord which connect to the muscles.

Question 40

Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 40

located in the postcentral gyrus. tactile representation is orderly arranged (in an inverted fashion) from the toe (at the top of the cerebral hemisphere) to mouth (at the bottom). However, some body parts may be controlled by partially overlapping regions of cortex

Question 41

Saltatory conduction

Answer 41

Neurons get boost of signal at the nodes of ranvier

Question 42

Fusiform gurus

Answer 42

Linked to recognition

Question 43

Precuneus

Answer 43

is involved with episodic memory, visuospatial processing, reflections upon self, and aspects of consciousness.

Question 44

Insula

Answer 44

involved in consciousness and play a role in diverse functions usually linked to emotion or the regulation of the body's homeostasis.

Question 45

Basal ganglia

Answer 45

group of subcortical nuclei, of varied origin, in the brains of vertebrates including humans, which are situated at the base of the forebrain. associated with a variety of functions including: control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, routine behaviors or "habits"

Question 46

Hypothalamus

Answer 46

Monitors how your body is doing internally, controls pituitary

Question 47

Thalamus

Answer 47

Monitors what goes on outside of the body

Question 48

Hippocampus

Answer 48

Part of limbic system, processes long term memory and emotional responses

Question 49

Amygdala

Answer 49

Experiencing of emotions

Question 50

Cerebellum

Answer 50

Coordinates and regulates muscular activity