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Music History 211 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

kithara

A

string, associated with balance, restraint, and Apollo

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2
Q

aulos

A

wind, associated with partying, sex, and Dionysus, played with a Phorbeia

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3
Q

mode (tonos)

A

scale of melodic environment within a diatonic octave characterized by a particular combination of whole and half steps

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4
Q

doctrine of ethos

A

Music has the power to incite passions

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5
Q

Pythagoras

A

WT

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6
Q

Plato

A

WT

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7
Q

Aristotle

A

WT

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8
Q

The Psalter (Bk. of Psalms) 150 Pss.

A

Judaic Heritage

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9
Q

psalmody responsorial

A

soloist sings and then choir responds

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10
Q

psalmody antiphonal

A

group 1 sings and then group 2 sings

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11
Q

antiphon

A

short chant at the beginning and end of the psalm

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12
Q

doxology

A

“Glory to the Father and to the Son…

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13
Q

Dialects of chant

A
  1. Roman (one for the pope and one for the people)
    1. Ambrosian (Milan)
    2. Beneventen (Southern Italy)
    3. Gallican (Gaul)
    4. Mozarabic (Spain)
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14
Q

Charlemagne

A

wrote music

pope gregory

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15
Q

Charlemagne

A

wrote music
pope gregory
gregorian myth

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16
Q

neumes (heighted & unheighted)

A

chant notation

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17
Q

The Divine Office

A

Liturgical day

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18
Q

Matins, Lauds, Vespers

A

midnight, dawn, sunset

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19
Q

Proper Chants

A 
Introit	
Gradual	
Alleluia	
Offertory	
Communion
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20
Q

Ordinary Chants

A 
Kyrie
Gloria
Credo
Sanctus
Agnus Dei
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21
Q

The Mass (Eucharist)

A

Proper and ordinary

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22
Q

Liturgical Year

A

Proper of the time

Proper of the saints

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23
Q

Proper of the Time

A

All Sundays

Special Feasts

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24
Q

Proper of the Saints

A

dedicated to the saints

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25
Q

Liturgical Books

A

Missal, Breviary, Gradual, Antiphoner, Liber usualis

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26
Q

Trope

A

preface to, or interpolation within, a regular chant item

*All tropes abolished by the Council of Trent (1545-63)

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27
Q

Sacred (or “Liturgical”) drama

A

chant and theatrical

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28
Q

“Quem queritis” (Whom do you seek?)

A

IDK

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29
Q

Sequence

A

free standing composition probably sung after the Alleluia at Mass

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30
Q

Hildegard of Bingen

A

mystic who wrote monophonic music

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31
Q

Boethius (3 kinds of music)

A

b. Musica mundana (music of the heavenly bodies, not audible)
c. Musica humana (human music - the relationships between people, not audible)
Musica instrumentalis (vocal and instrumental music, sounding music)

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32
Q

music of the spheres

A

IDK

33
Q

monochord

A

medieval technology, wooden box with a single string and a movable bridge

34
Q

monochord

A

medieval technology, wooden box with a single string and a movable bridge

35
Q

Guido of Arezzo

A

most read pedagogue of the entire middle ages, second most read theorist

36
Q

staff

A

4 lines?

37
Q

solmization

A

a system of associating each note of a scale with a particular syllable

38
Q

Ut queant laxis

A

Do a deer for gregorian chant, famous for the solmization

39
Q

gamut (Guidonian diatonic)

A

complete series of overlapping hexachords [The Medieval Gamut]

40
Q

hexachord

A
  • Natural - C D E F G A
    • Soft - F G A Bb C A
    • Hard - G A B C D E
41
Q

Guidonian hand

A

a hand that is used to represent musical space

42
Q

Church modes

A
  1. Protus authentic (D E F G A B C D)
    1. Protus plagal (A B C D E F G A)
    2. Deuterus authentic (E F G A B C D E)
    3. Deuterus plagal (B C D E F G A B )
    4. Tritus authentic (F G A B C D E F)
    5. Tritus plagal (C D E F G A B C)
    6. Tetrardus authentic (G A B C D E F G)
    7. Tetrardus plagal (D E F G A B C D)
43
Q

authentic/plagal

A

Authentic: extends from final to octave above
Plagal: extends from 4th below to 5th above final

44
Q

final

A

final note

45
Q

Psalm-tone

A

intonation, reciting tone, mediation, reciting tone, termination (recipe for psalm tone)

46
Q

goliards

A

Latin songs created by university students of the 11th and 12th centuries

47
Q

Carmina Burana

A

Latin texts German, drinking, sex, gambling

48
Q

Chanson de geste

A

Vernacular texts, Epic narrative peoms recounting deeds of heros

49
Q

jongleurs

A

people who sang chanson de geste

50
Q

minstrels

A

???

51
Q

courtly love

A

Aristocratic, Ritualistic, Adulturous, Literary

52
Q

Eleanor of Aquitaine

A

troubadors, granddaughter

53
Q

troubadours

A

southern france, above the jongleurs

54
Q

langue d’oc (Provençal)

A

language that became modern france

55
Q

Bernart de Ventadorn

A

???

56
Q

trouvères

A

northern france,

57
Q

trobairitz

A

female troubador

58
Q

Countess of Dia

A

???

59
Q

Minnesingers

A

Germany, singers of courtly love,

60
Q

Albigensian Crusade (1208-12)

A

???

61
Q

Musica enchiriadis (ca. 900)

A

a manual, earliest source of polyphony but probably not the creation of polyphony

62
Q

strict organum (parallel organum)

A

???

63
Q

free organum

A

???

64
Q

Notre-Dame organum

A

???

65
Q

Leonin

A

???

66
Q

Magnus liber organi (“Big book of organum”; Graduals, Alleluias, Responsories)

A

???

67
Q

pedal-point style (organum purum)

A

???

68
Q

pedal-point style (organum purum)

A

when the plain chant is syllabic, the chant voice is sustaining and the other voice is moving above it in a florid style

69
Q

discant style (discant clausula)

A

when the plain chant is mellismatic, both voices moving at the same rate

70
Q

rhythmic modes

A
  1. long - short
  2. short - long
  3. long - short - short
  4. short - long - long
  5. long - long
  6. short - short - short
71
Q

Perotin

A

???

72
Q

Perotin

A
  1. recomposition of organum puran in discant style
  2. substitute clausula
  3. 3 and 4 voice organum
73
Q

substitute clausula

A

different organa you insert into the chant

74
Q

organum triplum/quadruplum

A

three or four voice organum ???

75
Q

conductus

A

latin text, homorhythmic, newly composed tenor, syllabic text

76
Q

motet

A

french, tenor is untexted

77
Q

Franco of Cologne (ca. 1280?)

A

???

78
Q

Franco of Cologne (ca. 1280?)

A

first measured notation

Music History 211 (2 decks)

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