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MHL 394 > Midterm #1 > Flashcards

Midterm #1 Flashcards

1
Q

The last stanza of a corrido or other folk song, in which the singer says farewell to its audience & closes the narration.

A

Despedida

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2
Q

A meaningful or memorable succession of pitches.

A

Melody

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3
Q

Antonio Lopez de ____, general & President of Mexico who lost or sold over half of Mexico’s territory between 1836 & 1853.

A

(Antonio Lopez de) Santa Anna

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4
Q

The way in which the melodic, harmonic, & rhythmic elements of music are woven together.

A

Texture

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5
Q

A Mexican cowboy, particularly from Western Mexico, their typical suit is worn by mariachi ensembles.

A

Charro

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6
Q

A social construct distinguishing one group of humans from another on the basis of shared cultural heritage, ancestry, language, history, and/or culture; it has largely replaced the now outdated concept of race.

A

Ethnicity

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7
Q

A person of mixed Spanish & Indian heritage; by the early twentieth century they constituted the majority of the Mexican population.

A

Mestizo

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8
Q

Seven-time president of Mexico who pursued the modernization of Mexico through foreign investment.

A

Porfirio Diaz

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9
Q

___ de Tecalitlan, Most iconic mariachi ensemble, founded in 1898 by Gaspar Vargas & still active today.

A

Mariachi Vargas (de Tecalitlan)

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10
Q

____ nationalism, the idea that a group of people identify with & have an allegiance to the territorial nation & the state that governs it.

A

Political (nationalism)

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11
Q

Bajo sexto player; as accompanist to the Narciso Martinez, defined conjunto tejano style.

A

Santiago Almada

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12
Q

Mexican-born vihuelist & mariachi director who was leading promoter of mariachi music in the United States; his Mariachi Los Camperos earned widespread recognition.

A

Nati Cano

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13
Q

Mexican Singer & actress known in the 1940s as the mother of ranchera

A

Lucha Reyes

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14
Q

A portable free-reed instrument with buttons or keys on either side of a bellows; it is one of the two main instruments in conjunto music.

A

Accordian

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15
Q

___ music, a term describing musics that are traditional, primarily disseminated through oral transmission, & usually associated with a specific rural setting or ethnic group.

A

Folk (music)

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16
Q

____ nationalism, an ideology applied too much Mexican art after the Revolution, including the tenets that art should have a social function, & the glorification of indigenous heritage.

A

Revolutionary

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17
Q

Musical tradition originating in Western Mexico, especially the state of Jalisco, with an ensemble typically consisting of trumpet, violin, vihuela, guitar, guitarron, & sometimes harp.

A

Mariachi

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18
Q

Cancion ___, term referring to Mexican folk & folk-derived songs with simple chordal accompaniment & an operatic vocal style; it is a main element of both mariachi & conjunto repertoire

A

Ranchera

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19
Q

The period (1876-1911) during which Mexico was ruled by Porfirio Diaz

A

Porfiriato

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20
Q

Mexican singer who became the most prolific & influential composer of cancion ranchera

A

Jose Alfredo Jiminez

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21
Q

A large six-string bass guitar with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi & other Mexican folk musics.

A

Guitarron

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22
Q

A dance in duple meter of central European origin; one of the primary genres played by conjuntos.

A

Polka

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23
Q

The idea, most often applied to the experiences of migrants, that such experience transcends the nation-state.

A

Transnationalism

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24
Q

Mexican American singer, songwriter & bandleader who composed several standards of the ranchera repertoire & contributed corridos to the Chicano Movement, earning him the title of “Father of Chicano Music”.

A

Lalo Guerrero

25
Q

Grammy-award winning pop & country singer whose 1987 album Canciones de Mi Padre was influential in spurring interest in mariachi music & highlighted mariachi as a symbol of Mexican American identity.

A

Linda Randstadt

26
Q

Los ____, Conjunto norteno known in the 1960’s for their rich two-part vocal harmonies.

A

(Los) Alegres De Teran

27
Q

Accordionist & composer, considered the father of Texas Mexican music, also known as “El Huracan del Valle”.

A

Narciso Martinez

28
Q

The arrangement of time durations in music.

A

Rhythm

29
Q

Ballet _____, term since the 1950’s for dance groups that merge theatrical elements of classical ballet with Mexican folk dances.

A

Folklorico

30
Q

(1910-1926) The period during which Porfirio Diaz was overthrown & multiple leaders, many of them from the northern states, vied for power in Mexico.

A

Mexican Revolution

31
Q

A term referring to Mexican Americans; although it previously had negative connotations, it was reclaimed during the 1960’s civil rights movement as a symbol of pride in Mexican American heritage.

A

Chicano

32
Q

A small five-string instrument with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi ensembles.

A

Vihuela

33
Q

Led by brothers Paulino & Eloy, one of the most influential groups in conjunto tejano, known for their rich three-part vocal harmonies

A

Conjunto Bernal

34
Q

Treaty of ____, it ended the U.S.-Mexican War, forcing Mexico to cede one third of its territory.

A

(Treaty of) Guadalupe Hildago

35
Q

Los _____, Conjunto norteno who helped define modern norteno instrumental style & used corrido form to deal with social issues.

A

(Los) Tigres del Norte

36
Q

Singer, guitarist & songwriter who in the 1930’s was known as the “Queen of Tejano Music”.

A

Lydia Mendoza

37
Q

Known as “El Charro Cantor,” Mexican opera singer who defined ranchera singing style.

A

Jorge Negrete

38
Q

Supergroup including accordionist Flaco Jimenez & guitarist Freddy Fender, which mixed conjunto tejano with R&B & country.

A

Texas Tornados

39
Q

_____ nationalism, a nationalism based on nature & landscape; US nationalism is an example

A

Geographic (nationalism)

40
Q

_____ Records, one of the first Mexican American-owned record labels, influential in recording disseminating, & popularizing conjunto tejano.

A

Ideal (Records)

41
Q

A generic term for Mexican folk music, typically danced, with regional variations.

A

Son

42
Q

They way that music is disseminated from person to person.

A

Transmission

43
Q

Mexican singer & actor whose films popularized ranchera music & who became an icon of the urban working class.

A

Pedro Infante

44
Q

A rapid movement of the dancer’s feet against a raised wooden platform, producing a percussive accompaniment to the music; an important feature of Mexican folk dance.

A

Zapateado

45
Q

The glorification of indigenous traditions & heritage; it constitutes a primary element of Mexican Revolutionary Nationalism.

A

Indigenismo

46
Q

Mexican American labor leader & civil rights activist who became an icon for the Chicano Movement.

A

Cesar Chavez

47
Q

One of the first female singers to front a conjunto tejano, known as “La Reina de la Onda Chicana” in the 1970’s & 1980’s.

A

Laura Canales

48
Q

Most popular & influential banda group, founded in 1937 by Cruz Lizarraga but still active today.

A

Banda El Recodo

49
Q

Term usually reffering specifically to a Sinaloa ensemble consisting of brass, woodwinds, percussions & tambora, influential in musica nortena.

A

Banda

50
Q

______ nationalism, the continual process of constructing a national identity.

A

Cultural (nationalism)

51
Q

Mexican singer whose dark voice & dramatic, expressive style made her the most influential female singer of ranchera.

A

Lola Beltran

52
Q

Extremely influential accordionist who added vocals to the traditional conjunto tejano, retuned the accordion, & represents the transition to a modern conjunto style.

A

Valerio Longoria

53
Q

____ music, a term describing musics that are disseminated through media such as radio, records, TV, film or electronic files, subject to an aesthetic of innovation & mass appeal, & associated with the urban middle & lower classes

A

Popular (music)

54
Q

The first & most important note of a scale, often indicated by the Roman numeral I.

A

Tonic

55
Q

Guitar-like instrument with twelve strings, that provides accompaniment to the accordian in conjunto music.

A

Bajo Sexto

56
Q

An ensemble common on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border, centered around the accordion & bajo sexto

A

Conjunto

57
Q

The system of harmony based on the major & minor scales, in which harmonies move away from & then return to the tonic.

A

Tonality

58
Q

Percussion instrument consisting of a double-headed bass drum with cymbals; a vital component of banda music.

A

Tambora

59
Q

A lyrical epic & narrative song form, stemming from the literary tradition of the Spanish romance, that rose to popularity with the Revolution of 1910 as a means for sharing current events.

A

Corrido

MHL 394 (2 decks)

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