Midterm 1 Flashcards
What is the definition of organizational behavior?
Studies the influence that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organizations.
What is workforce diversity?
Organizations are becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, and ‘deep diversity’
What are the three levels of OB analysis?
Individual –> Group –> Organization System
What are the three conditions using the GMA principle?
(1) Need selective hiring
(2) Need to effectively measure intelligence
(3) Job performance must be variable
What is the formula to find r for the binomial effect display?
100(0.5 +- r/2)
What are interviews for?
Interviews are for selection and recruitment for both the hiring organization and the applicant.
What are the stages of selection for the interview process?
(1) Recruitment
(2) Screening
(3) Selection
What is skill versus luck?
(a) Skill: the ability to use one’s knowledge effectively and readily in execution or performance
(b) Luck: the events or circumstances that operate for or against an individual
Why does separating skill from luck matter?
(1) Avoid law of small numbers
(2) Avoid illusion of control
(3) Skill –> small sample, Luck –> large sample needed
What is the paradox of skill?
High and uniform skill levels suggest that luck becomes a larger determinant of outcomes
What is the Big-Five Model?
(1) Extraversion
(2) Agreeableness
(3) Conscientiousness
(3) Emotional Stability / Neuroticism
(5) Openness to experience
What are other key personality traits?
- Locus of control
- Self-Esteem
- Self-monitoring
- Risk Propensity
- Type A Personality
- Leadership Profile
What are Holland’s Six Personality Types?
- Realistic
- Investigative
- Social
- Conventional
- Enterprising
- Artistic
Realistic
Prefer physical activities requiring skill, strength & coordination
Investigative
Prefers activities that involve thinking, organizing, understanding
Social
Prefers activities that involve helping and developing others
Conventional
Prefers rule regulated, orderly activities
Enterprising
Prefers verbal activities with opportunities to influence others and attain power
Artistic
Prefers ambiguity and activities allowing creative expression
Uncertainty Avoidance
Reliance on social norms and procedures
Assertiveness
Tendency to be tough, confrontational
Future Orientation
Whether society rewards future oriented behavior
Gender Differentiation
Degree to which gender differences are maximized
Power Distance
Whether society members expect power to be unequally shared
Individualism / Collectivism
Whether society encourages people to be group members
In-Group Collectivism
Whether people, not society, take pride in group membership, such as families and friends
Performance Orientation
Whether society encourages people to excel and improve performance
Humane Orientation
Degree to which a society encourages people to be fair, altruistic, generous, and caring to others
Perception
The process through which people select, organize, and interpret information
Social Perception
the process of combining, integrating, and interpreting information about others to gain an accurate understanding of them
Attribution
The process through which individuals attempt to determine the cause behind others’ behavior
What are Kelley’s theory of casual attribution based on?
(1) Consensus
(2) Consistency
(3) Distinctiveness
What are the three perceptual biases?
(1) Similar-To-Me-Effect
(2) First-Impression Error
(3) Selective Perception
What are ways to improve accuracy of performance appraisals?
(1) Define job performance
(2) Observe and record frequently
(3) Use multiple sources
(4) Behaviorally based measures
(5) Train raters
What are ways to improve performance?
- Goal setting
- Two way communication
- Ask for self-assessment
- Coach employees
- Manage the separation of poor performers
Expectancy Theory
Strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on strength of expectation, attractiveness
What are the three components of expectancy theory?
- Attractiveness
- Performance-reward linkage
- Effort-performance
Enactive Mastery
Build the task sequence to ensure success. Job and task design. Strategy of small wins.
Modeling
Direct person to models who are similar in their situations and have had success
Management by Objectives (MBO)
Emphasizes converting overall organizational objectives into specific objectives for individual units and members that are tangible, verifiable, and measureable
What are the four ingredients common to MBO programs?
(1) Goal specificity
(2) Participative decision making
(3) Explicit time period
(4) Performance feedback
What does SMART stand for?
Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Time Frame Defined
