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MMI 351 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Goals of molecular typing

A
  • identify the MICROBIAL CAUSE of disease
  • identify RELATIONSHIPS between Bacteria
  • identify how population of bacteria change with changing conditions
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2
Q

Uses of 16S rDNA Sequencing

A

❤types of microbes present( single or multiple species)

❤compare strains of bacteria-in an outbreak can be used to determine how isolated relate to one another

❤study complex microbial populations-in a microbial community can determine what species are present and how they change under certain conditions.

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3
Q

Infection

A

Colonization of the body by a bacterium CAPABLE of causing ⚡️⚡️DISEASE⚡️⚡️⚡️

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4
Q

Disease

A

Infection that produces 💥💥💥💥💥💥SYMPTOMES💥💥💥

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5
Q

Colonization

A

Bacterium OCCUPIES and MULTIPLIES in a particular area of the body.

This is our microbiota

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6
Q

A symptomatic carrier

A

An INFECTED person who does not have symptoms

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7
Q

Symptoms

A

Effects of bacterial infection apparent in an infected individual

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8
Q

Virulence/pathogenicity

A

Ability of a bacterium to cause disease

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9
Q

Virulence factors

A

Bacterial PRODUCTS or STRATEGIES that contribute to virulence/pathogenicity

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10
Q

Opportunist

A

Bacteria that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but can cause disease in people with impaired defences

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11
Q

Pathogen

A

An ORGANISM with a reputation of causing infectious disease

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12
Q

New disease caused by newly identified bacterial species

A

Legionnaire’s disease

Lyme disease

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13
Q

Old disease that were thought to be under control

A

Tuberculosis

MRSA

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14
Q

Old disease that are now know to have bacterial causes

A

Gastric ulcers and

Helicobacter pylori

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15
Q

Old disease with known causes that are getting more attention from the public and media

A

Gonorrhea

Chlamydia trachomatis

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16
Q

Periodontal disease

A

Porphyromonas gingivalis

17
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Chlamydophila pneumonia

18
Q

An example of a bacteria that uses INVASION as a way to evade the host immune response
AND

Can escape the phagosome and live in the cytoplasm of phagocytic cells

A

Listeria Monocytogenes

19
Q

2 bacteria that inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion

A

Legionella

M. tuberculosis

20
Q

Some bacteria change their surface antigens to keep one step ahead of the antibody response

A

Gonococci

21
Q

Cause of Buruli ulcer

A

Mycobacterium ulcerans

—-passed by plasmid

22
Q

An exotoxin not part of the bacterial genome passed by bacteriophage

A

Diphtheria toxin

23
Q

An exotoxin not part of the bacterial genome passed by plasmid

A

Type G botulinum toxin

24
Q

Who releases lecithinase

Which is a phospholipase that hydrolyzes the lipid lecithin in cell membrane

A

Clostridium perfringens

25
Q

Who releases botulinum toxin

A

Clostridium botulinum

26
Q

Toxic shock shock syndrome toxin-1

A

Staphylococcus aureus

This bacteria also has an alpha toxin which is a pore forming toxin

27
Q

Streptococcal superantigen

A

Streptococcus pyrogens

28
Q

Causes Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burdorferi

This one used manganese instead of iron

29
Q

Gonocci

A

❤❤Adds sialic acid to its LPS to prevent C3 convertase formation

❤❤ some bacteria change their surface antigens to keep one step ahead of the antibody response

30
Q

What bacteria inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion

A

Legionella

M. Tuberculosis

31
Q

What bacteria escapes the phagosome and lived in the cytoplasm of phagocytic cells

A

Listeria monocytogenes

32
Q

Whah bacteria cannot be cultivated? It is the causative agent of syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

33
Q

Kochs #1 postulate

A

Bacteria must be associated with symptomes and present at the site of infection

34
Q

Limitations of organ culture

A

❤They don’t last very long in vitro, they cannot be split & maintained

❤they don’t have intact circulation & lymphatic supply to take the immune response into account

35
Q

Molecular kochs Postulate

A

1: the gene or its product should only be found in strains of bacteria that cause disease.

Limitation: virulence is multifactorial

36
Q

Steps in IVET

A

1) creat plasmids in E.coli that have Salmonella sequences upstream of promoterless purA/lacZ genes

37
Q

Septic shock symptoms
Vs
Toxic shock

A 
Septic shock 
💥hypotension 
💥DIC
💥internal hemorrhages 
Causes by too much bacteria in our system
---------------------------------------------
Toxic shock
💥 fever
💥 malaise 
💥nausea 
💥 vomiting

MMI 351 (1 decks)

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