Midterm 1 Flashcards
In class we discussed three major inputs into Animal Science that are used to improve the production of animal foods for human use. What are they?
Environment
Science
Business
Many animal production units are called CAFO’s. What is the focus of the CAFO program?
Manure management
Using sunlight, plants convert H20 and CO2 into what important nutrient useful for animal production?
Carbohydrates
Feed efficiency requires two pieces of data for calculation. What data is required?
Feed/gain
Which of the following major science disciplines is not generally a part of animal science?
a. Ecology
b. Nutrition
c. Immunology
d. Genetics
e. None of the above
a. Ecology
In the parade of domesticated animals, which of the following is thought to be the first?
Dogs
We discussed three pieces of legislation that are generally responsible for increases in agriculture efficiently over the last 80 years or so. Which of these legislations provided support for creating and maintaining portions the Oregon State University in agriculture?
Smith lever act
Morrill act
And hatch act
For the average US citizen, how has the proportion of their income that is used to purchase food changed since the 1950’s?
Decreased
When did the major surge of imported “exotic” cattle breeds occur in the US?
1960’s and 70’s
What is the difference between auroch and Brahman type of cattle?
Their appearance
Their region of origin
Their ability to withstand environment disease organisms
ADG is calculated number that is used for what purpose?
To determine the growth rate of cattle
Where are the most beef cattle in Oregon produced?
East of the cascades
What changes a bull calf into a steer?
Castration
What is the marketing advantage of finishing cattle in a feed lot?
Increase quality (grade) beef
Which segment of the beef cattle industry is most common in Oregon?
Cow/calf
Why is typical beef cattle calving is in the late winter or early spring?
Pastures are better
When breeding cattle, what event begins the first trimester of the gestation period?
Conception
How does feeding of beef cattle change from the stocker phase to the feed lot?
Eliminate pasture; add roughage and concentrates
Which of the following are not true regarding hormone implants used in some of the beef cattle industry?
Increase body fat content
The kansas cities of Abilene, Wichita, and dodge city were prominent in the early days of cattle production. What was their contribution?
They were the main rail stops at the end of the cattle drives from Texas
Cattle found in feed lots are
Mostly crossbreds
When breeding heifers, there are two important physical characteristics. What are they?
Age and body weight
Following weaning, ADG of beef cattle is?
Highest in the feedlot
Besides cheese, what was the earliest processed dairy product that was mass produced?
Condensed milk
Of the dairy breeds that we discussed, which is also found as a beef cattle breed?
Shorthorn
Most dairies in the US are farms that have fewer than 100 cows. Which size group contains the largest number of cows that make up the US dairy herd?
Dairies with >500 cows
In class we discussed the fact that the regional distribution of the US dairy herd has moved to western states in recent years. What is the reason for this shift?
Amount of rain is less
Laceration in cattle begins with at what event?
Parturition
For maximum efficiency, at what point in the dairy cycle are inseminations performed?
2nd or 3rd heat following parturition
During the lactation cycle, the body weight of the dairy cow:
Declines early and increases late in the cycle
What is the primary consequence of seasonal dairying?
No milk production during part of the year
Which type of dairy milking parlor design is found at the OSU dairy?
Herringbone
What causes milk flow in a lactating dairy cow?
The letdown response
What is the reason for milking the youngest cows first?
First time killers have the lowest possibility of mastitis
The heat (estrous) cycle of dairy cows is about:
21-23 days
“Sexing” sperm cells to increase the percentage of heifer calves is common in modern dairy industry.
False
Barrow is to swine as __________ is to cattle
Steer
Swine were first domesticated from wild pigs found in which region of the world? North Africa North America Central Asia South America
None of the above
In swine, the term farrowing refers to:
Parturition
Which of the following most properly defines fecundity?
Production of offspring
Consider the cattle and swine breeding philosophies of the US industries in the 19th and early 20th centuries. How did the major considerations differ?
Cattle producers returned to Europe for breeding stock
Swine producers advocate crossing of breeds
As swine were selectivity bred for various traits, the earliest body type that was identified was ________?
The lard type
Which of the following terms denotes a male pig after siring his first litter?
Boar
The razorback is a type of swine found roaming wild throughout the southern US. It is considered an agricultural pest by many. What is a razorback?
The result of escaped domestic pigs from early explorers
What is the technical difference between a pig and a hog?
They are different in weights
