Midterm 1 Flashcards
critical pH for enamel (hydroxyapatite)
5.5
critical pH for dentin
6.2
critical pH for enamel (hydroxyfluorapatite)
4.5
tooth demineralization as a result of the caries process
caries lesion (aka carious lesion aka cavity)
a caries lesion in any surface of the anatomic tooth crown
coronal caries
a caries lesion not adjacent to an existing restoration or crown
primary caries
a caries lesion adjacent to an existing restoration, crown, or sealant
secondary caries
other term used for secondary caries is _____
caries adjacent to restorations and sealants (CARS)
biofilm is composed mostly of ____, their ____, ____ and _____
bacteria; byproducts; extracellular matrix; water
non-pathogenic bacterial plaque: acquired ____ forms and is composed of ____ and is ____
pellicle; salivary proteins; cell free
role of pellicle
protects (IgA, IgG, lysozymes)
Reduce friction
Remineralization
both acidic and basic proteins that adsorb ___ and ____ ions
calcium; phosphate
surface of noncavitated enamel lesions has ____ appearance
“punched out”
micro-environmental habitats assoc. with host health are generally ____, near ____ in pH, and ____ in oxidation-reduction potential
aerobic; neutrality; positive
predominant species in non-carious teeth
S. sanguis
environmental conditions within plaque of non-carious teeth
aerobic, pH 5.5, oxidation-reduction negative
predom species in enamel caries
S. mutans
environmental conditions within plaque of enamel caries
anaerobic
pH < 5.5
oxidation-reduction negative
predom species in dentin caries
S. mutans and lactobacillus
conditions within plaque of dentin caries
anaerobic
pH < 5.5
oxidation-reduction negative
predom species in root caries
actinomyces
tooth habitats for cariogenic biofilm not protected by the surface shedding mechanisms (continual replacement of _____) used throughout remainder of _____
epithelial cells; alimentary canal
tooth habitats for cariogenic biofilm covered with pellicle of precipitated _____, ____, and _____
salivary glycoproteins; enzymes; immunoglobulins
ideal surface for attachment of many oral ____
streptococci
if undisturbed, biofilm builds up to sufficient depth to produce an ____ environment adjacent to tooth surface
anaerobic
tooth habitats favorable for harboring pathogenic biofilm (caries)
- pits and fissues
- smooth surfaces gingival to proximal contacts; cervical third of facial and lingual of clinical crown
- root surfaces near cervical line
- subgingival areas
caries originating on the ____ is alarming because it has ____ progression, is often ____, it is closer to the ____, and it is more ____
root; rapid; asymptomatic; pulp; difficult to restore
salivary protective mechanisms that maintain the normal oral flora and tooth surface integrity include ____, _____, ____, and _____
bacterial clearance; direct antibacterial activity; buffers; remineralization
antibacterial enzymes in saliva
- lactoperoxidase
- lysozyme
- lipases
- agglutinins
non-enzymes in saliva
- lactoferrin
- IgG/A
- Mucins
adults produce ____ of saliva a day
1-1.5 L
noncavitated enamel caries when hydrated look ____ and when dry look ____
translucent; opaque
inactive enamel caries are ___ but ____
hard; rough
active enamel caries are ____
soft
____ and ____ should only be restored for esthetics at pt request
hypocalcified enamel; inactive enamel caries
only _____ require immediate restoration or therapeutic treatment of microbes (saliva rinses, diet restrictions, and fluoride varnish)
active caries
the 3 clinical sites for caries initiation
- pits and fissures
- smooth enamel surfaces
- root surfaces
enamel caries
- hypocalcified enamel
- white spot lesion (noncavitated enamel caries lesion)
- cavitated enamel lesion (active caries)
- remineralized enamel lesion (inactive caries)
developmental white spot; same wet or dry; do not restore unless for esthetics
hypocalcified enamel
disappears when wet; chalky white when dry
white spot lesion (noncavitated enamel)
proximal lesions into dentin; can not remineralize, must be restored
cavitated enamel lesion (active caries)
