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Nutrition & Dietetics > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What nutrients reduce HOMOCYSTEINE?

A

B6
B9
B12

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2
Q

Why is it desirable to REDUCE homocysteine?

A

DECREASES the risk of HEART DISEASE

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3
Q

L. ACIDOPHILUS and BIFIDUS bacterium are supplemented when?

A

Patient on antibiotics.

Antibiotics destroys some of the NEEDED normal gut flora.

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4
Q

What does “Drinking in moderation” mean?

A

1-2 drinks per day

12-24 oz beer
1-2 oz hard liquor
8-12 oz wine

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5
Q

List examples of “special diets”

A 
High fiber
Low fat
Liquid diet
Vegetarian
Diabetic
Low Sodium
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6
Q

Vegan Diet

A

Plants ONLY

<1% of Population

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7
Q

Lacto Diet

A

Dairy + Plants

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8
Q

Ovo Diet

A

Eggs + Plants

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9
Q

Pesco Diet

A

Fish + Plants

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10
Q

Ave Diet

A

FOWL ONLY

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11
Q

Of the types of “diets” (Vegan, etc.), what are the two most common? Most rare?

A

MC: Lacto, Ovo

Rare: Ave

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12
Q

What does “Lite” mean?

A

Less than the normal product

  • sodium
  • sugar
  • color
  • kcals
  • fat
  • eTOH
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13
Q

What is the most common symptom when the CO-FACTORS for Kreb Cycle are missing?

A

Fatigue

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14
Q

What is the MAXIMUM OTC dosage for FOLIC ACID? Why?

A

Max OTC Dose = 400 mcg

Because it MIGHT mask the signs of PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

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15
Q

Examples of HEAT STABLE ANTI-THIAMINES

heat resistant

A

Flavinoids (citrus fruit)
Tannus (tea/coffee/wine)
Sodium Nitrate (preservatives)

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16
Q

Examples of HEAT LABILE ANTI-THIAMINES

easily destroyed by heat

A

Thiaminases

  • Fresh water fish
  • Shellfish
  • Bacterial/fungi

(Eating primarily raw fish +/- beri-beri)

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17
Q

Examples of ANTI-THIAMINE drugs

A

Oxythiamin
Pyrithiamin

(Leads to weight loss, anorexia, neuro dmg)

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18
Q

Example of ANTI-BIOTINS

A

Avidin in raw egg whites

Avidin is destroyed by heating. Eat a cooked egg, it doesn’t deplete B7

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19
Q

Benefits of ALLICIN. Where is it found?

A

Kills bacteria
Lowers cholesterol
Lowers BP

Found in GARLIC + ONIONS
*Only works when combined with B1

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20
Q

Vitamins & Minerals depleted by ALCOHOL consumption

A 
B1
B2
B3
B6
B9
B12

Vit C

Calcium
Zinc

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21
Q

Vitamins & Minerals depleted by BIRTH CONTROL PILLS

A

Vit A

B2
B6
B9

Vit C

Copper
Iron
Zinc

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22
Q

Vit ___ protects against TYLENOL side effects.

A

Vit E

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23
Q

Vit ___ protects against ASPIRIN + COUMADIN side effects.

A

Vit K

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24
Q

What are the hazards of FLOURIDE FORTIFICATION?

A 
Teeth Mottling (brown spots on teeth)
Bone deformities

(Calcium out of bone to soft tissue, Osteoporosis fractures, +/- allergies, +/- increase cancer risk)

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25
Q

What binds up ZINC? (Decreases absorption, enhances secretion)

**Check this.

A 
PHYTATES
Unleavened bread
Cadmium
Ca++
Cu

Fiber
Iron
Heavy metals

Coffee/tea/cocoa

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26
Q

What binds up IRON?

A

PHYTATES- Phytic acid (Grains)

Red wine
Grapes
Milk
Apple Juice

+/- be a problem in kids

(Antacids, tannic, phytates-from whole grain, phosvitin- egg yolks, XS minerals, chelating agents- EDTA)

*EDTA = common preservative

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27
Q

Who’s at RISK for Vitamin B DEFICIENCIES? (Commonly seen by chiros)

A

Alcoholics (B1, B2)

Vegetarians (B12)

Bitches on birth control (B2, B6, B9)

Old people

Diabetics

Hypothyroidism

Antibiotic users

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28
Q

Scurvy ssx

A

Pirates!!!!

Fatigue
Anorexia
Easy bruising
Swollen/bleeding gums
Anemia
Loose teeth
XS wavy hair

Def. Vit C

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29
Q

Dry Beri-Beri ssx

A 
PNS - neurological
Neuropathies
Anorexia
Weakness
Foot/ankle drop - calf muscle pain

*B1 def

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30
Q

Wet Beri-Beri ssx

A

(Same as DRY ber-beri PLUS..)

Cardiac enlargement
Pitting edema

*B1 def

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31
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Sun tanned look
Cirrhosis
Diabetes (d/t decreased glucose tolerance)

*XS Iron

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32
Q

Ariboflavinosis

A 
Dermatitis (around nose, mouth)
Cheilosis
Eye infections
Stomatitis
Geographic Tongue

B2 Def.

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33
Q

Wilson’s Disease

A

Kayser-Fleisher ring of Cornea
UE Tremors
Copper in piss

*XS Copper

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34
Q

Rickets

A 
Bowed legs
Knocked knees
Rachitic Rosara - bumps on ribs
Spine/Pelvis Deficiency
*End stage = Convulsions

*Vit D def.

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35
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Uncalcified bone matrix DUE TO:

  • collagen formation
  • muscle weakness
  • bone pain
  • fractures

*Vit D def.

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36
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

A

All beri-beri ssx PLUS

Confusion
Confabulation (inventing stories)
Psychosis
Memory loss
Nystagmus
CN 6 Paralysis (Cross eyed)

*B1 def.

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37
Q

Pellagra

A

Rough skin esp. exposed area
Casal’s Collar (rough skin around neck)

Weakness
Anorexia
(3 Ds)
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia

*B3 def.

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38
Q

Hart Nups Dx

” heart.

A

Lots of TRYPTOPHAN in piss
Can’t transport or absorb AAs

*B3 def.

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39
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A 
Acholorhyria
2* to HYPOthyroidism
Syncope
Headaches
Sore/red tongue
Hallucinations

*B12 def.

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40
Q

Blood test to identify EARLY IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

A

Serum Ferritin Depletion Test

Most SENSITIVE lab test

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41
Q

How to get adequate Vit D without the risk of toxicity

A

Sun everyday (some say 15 minutes)

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42
Q

Who’s at the MOST RISK for Vit D TOXICITY?

**Check this.

A

People supplementing XS Vit D??

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43
Q

Nutrients needed for MUSCLE RELAXATION (reduction of spasms)

A

Magnesium
Potassium
Calcium

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44
Q

Nutrients made by GUT FLORA

A

B7
B12
Vit K

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45
Q

Long term antibiotic use +/- lead to destruction of good gut flora…they should be given ___ + ____ supplements to INCREASE proper gut flora.

A

L. Acidophilus

Bifido Bacterium

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46
Q

Define “divided dose”

A

Full dose divided equally

Taken throughout the day

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47
Q

Define “empty stomach”

A

Take 1-2 hours BEFORE or

1-2 hours AFTER a meal

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48
Q

Define “taper off”

A

Gradual decrease in dosages to

ULTIMATELY NONE

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49
Q

Define “back up”

A

Take all B Vitamins
in CONJUNCTION with
SPECIFIC dose of B Vitamin

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50
Q

What are kids given to DECREASE the severity of MEASLES?

A

Vit A

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51
Q

Most TOXIC vitamins and minerals?

A

Vit D - Most toxic vitamin
Flouride - Most toxic Mineral

Vit A
Vit B3 - Liver toxic

Calcium - “Milk Alkali Syndrome”
Selenium - really toxic

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52
Q

Calcium deficiency ddx

A

Type I Insomnia
*trouble falling asleep

Muscle cramps - NO exertion
*MC legs, calves

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53
Q

Magnesium deficiency ddx

A

Type II Insomnia

  • fall asleep easily
  • wake frequently

Muscle cramps WITH EXERTION

Isolated Dia/Sys HTN
XS sweat
Inc risk S. Aureus
Gestational HTN

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54
Q

Potassium deficiency ddx

A

Muscle cramps UPON exertion

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55
Q

“Milk Alkali Syndrome”

A

Calcium

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56
Q

Where’s B1-12, Vit A&E absorbed?

A

Sm. Intestine

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57
Q

Where’s Vit D absorbed?

A

Skin

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58
Q

Where’s Vit K absorbed?

A

Sm. Intestine

Gut

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59
Q

Vit A is bound to __ to CROSS GUT LINING.

A

Fat

Bile salts

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60
Q

Vit D is bound to __ to CROSS GUT LINING.

A

Bile salts

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61
Q

Vit K is bound to __ to CROSS GUT LINING.

A

Bile salts
Pancreatic juice

*Made by gut flora

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62
Q

Vit C is bound to __ to CROSS GUT LINING.

A

SODIUM dependent transport system

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63
Q

B1 is bound to __ to CROSS GUT LINING.

A

SUCKER!!! IT’S NOT BOUND TO ANYTHING!!!

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64
Q

B2 is bound to __ to CROSS GUT LINING.

A

Protein

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65
Q

B3 is absorbed in what forms?

A

Amide (Nicotinamide)

Acid (Nicotinic Acid)

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66
Q

B5 (Pantothenic Acid) is bound to __ to CROSS GUT LINING.

A

SUCKER!!! IT’S NOT BOUND TO ANYTHING!!!

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67
Q

B6 is absorbed as ___

A

Aldehyde/Alcohol form

Pyridoxal phosphate

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68
Q

B7 is bound to __ to CROSS GUT LINING.

A

Amino residue

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69
Q

B9 requires ___ to CROSS GUT LINING

A

Enzyme in Brush Border
Pancreatic secretions
Stomach enzymes

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70
Q

B12 requires ___ to CROSS GUT LINING.

A

pH < 6

Intrinsic Factor

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71
Q

5 reasons to be MINERAL/VITAMIN DEFICIENT.

A

INADEQUATE

  1. Ingestion
  2. Absorption
  3. Utilization (across cell membrane)

INCREASED

  1. Excretion
  2. Needs
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72
Q

Lacto-Ovo Diet

A

Dairy
Eggs
Plants

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73
Q

Inadequate ingestion examples

A

Poverty
Bad health - can’t go out, can’t open food
Mentally handicapped

74
Q

Inadequate absorption examples

A

Lack

  • HCl
  • Co-Factors
  • Enzymes

GIT Diseases
Ca++ Channel problems
Ulcers
Antibiotics (Destroys good gut flora)

75
Q

Inadequate utilization examples (issues reaching the end target)

A 
Diseases (Diabetes)
Drugs
Throwing up
Alcohol
Def b vits (mood disorders)
Lack co-factors/enzymes
76
Q

Increased excretion examples

A 
Diarrhea
Sweat
Vomit
Bleeding (menses)
Urinary
77
Q

Increased Needs

A 
Infants, kids, elderly
Prego, lactating
Athletes
Post surgery
Major wasting disease
78
Q

5 Stages of Vitamin/Mineral deficiency

A
  1. Preliminary
  2. Biochemical
  3. Physiological
  4. Clinical
  5. Anatomical
79
Q

Stage 1 Vit/Min Deficiency

A

“Preliminary”

Body storage gradually depleted
NO ssx

80
Q

Stage 2 Vit/Min Deficiency

A

“Biochemical”

Decreased enzyme function

81
Q

Stage 3 Vit/Min Deficiency

A

“Physiological”

Non-specific ssx

  • memory loss
  • fatigue
82
Q

Stage 4 Vit/Min Deficiency

A

“Clinical”

Classic ssx

  • Beri-Beri
  • Scurvy
  • Pellagra
  • etc.
83
Q

Stage 5 Vit/Min Deficiency

A

“Anatomical”

Fatal if untreated.

84
Q

“Real” food brewer’s yeast

A

A complex of B Vitamins
*Used for Kreb’s Cycle as CO-FACTORS
+ nerve impulse conduction

B1
B3
B7
Chromium, Selenium

(support the nervous system, help maintain the muscles used for digestion, and keep skin, hair, eyes, mouth, and liver healthy)

85
Q

Go look at some THERAPEUTIC USES OF vitamins and minerals.

86
Q

Hazards associated w/ XS IRON in the diet

A

“Hemosiderosis”
Iron deposits into tissues

Toxicity

87
Q

What causes HEMOSIDEROSIS?

Iron deposits into tissues

A

Multiple blood transfusions

Red wine

88
Q

HEMOSIDEROSIS can increase the risk for

A

Heart disease - Fe increases SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVELS!!!

Parkinson’s
Alzheimer’s
Spread of bacterial infections
Colorectal cancer

89
Q

Iron Toxicity can come from ingesting XS

A 
Oysters
Red meat
Liver
Dried fruit
Red wine
Green leafy veggies
90
Q

How to ENHANCE IRON absorption

A 
Adequate Hcl in stomach
Vit C - Ascorbic Acid
Fructose (fruits)
Citric/Lactic Acid
*Eating VEGGIES w/ RED MEAT enhances non-heme absorption
91
Q

How to INHIBIT IRON absorption

A

Antacids
Tannic Acid (tea, coffee)
PHYTATES (whole grain)
Phosvitin (egg yolks)
XS competing minerals (Ca, P04, Cu, Zn, Mn)
Chelating agents (EDTA- common preservative)

92
Q

Where does HEME IRON come from, in general?

A

40% Animal tissues

*Found to cause cancer

93
Q

Where does NON-HEME IRON come from, in general?

A

60% Animal
100% Plant Iron

Dried fruit
Green veggies
Legumes
Nuts
Seeds

*LESS BIOAVAILABLE

94
Q

Ferrous Sulfate

A

Cheap Iron in supplements.
Nausea
Constipation

95
Q

Iron Oxide = Rust

A

Cheapest Iron

Causes side effects

96
Q

Best form of CALCIUM to PREVENT OSTEOPOROSIS (bone)

& what’s the TRACE ELEMENT

A

Microcrystalline Hydroxyapetite

Trace element = BORON

97
Q

Best form of CALCIUM for MUSCLE FUNCTION

A

GLUCONATE - best for muscle spasms

  • Usually combined w/ CITRATE
  • Lactate is good at reducing m. spasms, too.
98
Q

Common OXALATE containing FOODS

A 
Beets
Berries
Black Tea
Celery
Cucumbers
Grapefruit
Parsley
Asparagus
Brussel Sprouts
Beans
Carrots
Chard
Kale
Peppers
Plums
Peanuts
Rhubarb
Spinach
Chocolate, cocoa
Instant Coffee
Sweet Potatoes
99
Q

Dietary TREATMENT for URIC ACID stones

A

Decrease animal protein
Decrease red wine
Eat MORE fruits + veggies

Avoid:

  • Canned fruit
  • Sports drinks
  • Lots of Vit C
100
Q

Dietary TREATMENT for CALCIUM/OXALATE stones

A

Drink super mucho H2O
(8 oz/hour MINIMUM) …bad diets, bigger bodies need more

Eat a HIGH FIBER DIET
Eat MORE CITRUS fruits + veggies
Eat less meat
*POTASSIUM CITRATE

Reduce

  • Ca/Oxalates
  • XS animal protein
  • Sodium
  • Sugar
  • Coffee, soda
  • XS Vit D
101
Q

What are the DEFICIENCY AND TOXICITY SSX for ALL vitamins & minerals?

A

Diarrhea

Nausea

102
Q

Who gets MILK ALKALI syndrome?

*XS Calcium

A

This is SECONDARY to HYPERCALCEMIA.

  • hyperparathyroidism
  • bone diseases
  • Vit D poisoning

Ingesting XS

  • milk
  • antacids (Ca Carbonate) - wants to prevent osteoporosis
  • baking soda (Na Carbonate)
103
Q

Vitamins & Minerals that PREVENT ANEMIA

A

Vit ACE
B 6, 12

Iron
Folate
Copper
Zn
Phosphorous
104
Q

Vitamins & Minerals needed for BONE INTEGRITY

A

Vit AD

Calcium
Phosphorous
Flouride
Zinc
Magnesium
105
Q

Vit/Min that ENHANCE NERVE TRANSMISSION/FUNCTION

A 
B1
B5
B6
B9 - Choline/Purine synthesis
B12 - Myelin Sheaths

Potassium
Phosphorous
Magnesium
Vit C
Calcium
106
Q

What INCREASES CALCIUM absorption?

A 
Vit D - Sunlight
Inc. pH
Lactose
Estrogen
Acidic Stomach
Exercise
Prego
107
Q

What DECREASES CALCIUM absorption?

A 
Oxalates
Fiber (phytate)
Alcohol
Dec Vit D
XS Coffee
XS Sodium
XS Competitive Minerals
XS PTH
Liver/Kidney Disease
Malabsorption
Sedentary lifestyle
Amenorrhea
108
Q

PROTEIN’s affect on CALCIUM status

A

DECREASES Ca++

Inc Protein = Dec Phosphate
= Dec Calcium

109
Q

Where is Ca++ stored for use, why?

A

Bone & Teeth

*Buffers blood

110
Q

Therapeutic for OSTEOPOROSIS

A 
Vit D
Vit E
Ca
Phosphate
Shark Cartilage
Cod Liver Oil
111
Q

Therapeutic for HEALING of DISEASE/INJURY

112
Q

Therapeutic for WOUND HEALING

113
Q

Therapeutic for LBP

A

Vit C (increases collagen synthesis)
Garlic
Bromeline
Magnesium

114
Q

Therapeutic for SUBDELTOID BURSITIS

115
Q

Therapeutic for CARPAL TUNNEL

116
Q

Therapeutic for TRAUMA

A

Dec inflammation = BIOFLAVINOIDS
*take w/ Vit C

Proteolytic Enzymes

  • Bromelin
  • Trypsin
  • Chymotrypsin
117
Q

Therapeutic for PAIN

A

Tryptophan?

118
Q

Therapeutic for FIBROMYALGIA

A 
Vit E
B9
Lythamin Carbonate
Flaxseed oil
Low purine diet
119
Q

What is COUMADIN’s affect on Vit K?

A

Stops blood from clotting

120
Q

Top 3 killers of kids

A

Diarrhea
Pneumonia
Hemmorhage

121
Q

What’s the ONLY VITAMIN we “TAPER OFF”?

122
Q

Define “bowel tolerance”

A

Gradually increase amount until stool is SOFT, but not diarrhea

123
Q

Define “megadose”

124
Q

Where is Vit C mainly stored?

A

Adrenal Gland

125
Q

What is the main function for Vit C?

A

Collagen synthesis.
Enhances absorption of IRON

  • stimulates collaged for the repair of wounds
  • NOT for tissue growth
126
Q

Random Vit C functions

A

Aids in formation/function of CARNITINE (shuttling FAs)

Lowers histamine response

Converts B9 into it’s ACTIVE FORM

127
Q

What is B9’s active form?

A

Tetrahydrofolate

128
Q

How long does it take SCURVY to develop?

A

2-4 months

129
Q

Common THERAPEUTIC USES for Vit C

A

Tx cold + flu (take upon 1st sx)
Improve cortisol levels (times of stress)
*Asthma

130
Q

What are FLAVINOIDS?

A

H2O Soluble PHYTOCHEMICAL

It enhances Vit C utilization
Acts as an anti-oxidant

(In citrus, berries, leafy veggies)

131
Q

Effects of ISOFLAVONES?

A

Decrease risk of cancer
Decrease ssx of menopause (hot flashes)
Decrease risk of heart disease

132
Q

Juvenile Beri-Beri ssx

A

*Neurologic problems mostly
Can’t wear well
Ptosis - droopy eyelid
Nystagmus

133
Q

What is the MAIN side effect of Vit B, and how do you solve it?

A

Nausea/Queasy

Take w/ food
Divided doses!!

134
Q

What’s the recommended dose of B1 for women on birth control?

A

B100 formula
Daily
B25, 4x/day

135
Q

You would NOT want to store B2 (Riboflavin) in what kind of bottles?

A

Glass
Clear
Plastic

*Because it’s DESTROYED BY LIGHT

136
Q

Main function of B2?

A

Co-Enzyme FAD, FMN

Dehydrogenase enzyme in
FA oxidation
ETC
Kreb's
AA Oxidases
137
Q

What are EARLY/SUBMARGINAL ssx of for a B2 deficiency?

A

Photophobia w/ tearing, itching, burning eyes
Loss of visual acuity
Sore lips, mouth, tongue, scrotum, labia

138
Q

THERAPEUTIC use of B2

A

Cataracts

Treatment of deficiency states

139
Q

B3 is LOW in ___ & ___, but HIGH in ____.

A 
Low = milk, eggs
Hi = Tryptophan
140
Q

What percentage of TRYPTOPHAN is converted to NIACIN?

141
Q

What are the 3 GLUCOSE TOLERANCE FACTORS? (GTF)

A

Chromium
Niacin - helps insulin @ cell receptor
Zinc

(Helps blood sugar regulation)

142
Q

Casal’s Collar

A

Pellagra - B3 Def.

Dermatitis on neck.

143
Q

Those on HIGH ___ diets are at risk for B__ deficiencies.

A

Hi Leucine
B3 def.

Leucine causes Tryptophan excretion.
Tryptophan is converted to B3.
Need TRYPTOPHAN to get NIACIN!!!

144
Q

What B vitamin is needed to convert TRYPTOPHAN to NIACIN?

145
Q

B3 (Niacin) TOXICITY ssx

A 
Acute:
Flushed
GI irritation (Nausea, Vomit)
Headache
Diarrhea

Chronic:
Liver dmg, cirrhosis, jaundice, elevated AST, ALD

146
Q

B5 is therapeutic for

A 
Burns + skin lesions
Fights against COPPER toxicity (Wilson's)
Atherosclerosis
Chronic stress
Prednisone
147
Q

2 Hours of sunlight exposure will DESTROY 70-100% of your B__.

148
Q

What main B vitamin helps produce energy from GLYCOGEN?

149
Q

Trans-Amination

150
Q

Who is at risk for a B6 deficiency?

A

Baby’s on the teet
Bitches on birth control
Alcoholics

151
Q

B6 Therapeutic uses

A

Decrease nausea/vomiting in prego
Decrease PMS ssx
Decrease risk of OXALATE KIDNEY STONES

152
Q

B__ is one of the most POTENT vitamins.

A

B7 - Biotin

153
Q

B__ is the most SENSITIVE vitamin to environmental damage.

A

B9 - Folic Acid

154
Q

Which VITAMIN is essential in converting B9 to it’s ACTIVE form “Tetrahydroflorate”?

A

Vit C - Ascorbic Acid

155
Q

A diet HIGH in ___ will ENHANCE the uptake of FOLIC ACID

156
Q

What is the most common VITAMIN deficiency in the WORLD?

A

B9- Folic Acid

157
Q

Who’s at risk for a B9 deficiency?

A 
Baby's on goat's milk
Junk diet
Alcoholics
Teens
Those with increased cell proliferation (chicken pox, cancer, prego, injuries)
158
Q

B9 deficiency conditions

A

Megablastic anemia
Glossitis
Neural Tube Defects (Spina Bifida)

159
Q

Do ANTACIDS cause B12 to increase or decrease?

160
Q

What is the most ABUNDANT MINERAL in the BODY?

161
Q

Calcium is an UNBOUND ION found in the blood as either ___ or ___.

A

Ionized

Albumin bound

162
Q

XS Phosphorus may result in cases of

A

HYPOparathyroidism

Renal Insufficiency

163
Q

Which MINERAL is needed for the PROPER utilization of Vit B, E, C?

164
Q

Toxicity of POTASSIUM

A

Kidney Disease

165
Q

People with XS IRON are at risk of

A

Parkinson’s
Alzheimer’s
Spread of BACTERIAL infections
COLORECTAL cancer

166
Q

What is the most common MINERAL deficiency in the WORLD?

167
Q

What is the most common MINERAL deficiency in the US?

168
Q

Classic IRON def. ANEMIA ssx

A

Nails

  • spoon-shaped
  • vertical ridges/splitting

Mouth

  • glossitis
  • cheilosis
  • stomatitis

Blue sclera
Rosy-pink lips

169
Q

What do you give someone who is at risk of IRON deficiency?

A

Serum Ferritin

170
Q

Recommended dose for IRON def.

A

100-400 mg IRON GLYCINATE
Daily
w/ Vit A, C
Between meals

171
Q

Who is likely to get IRON POISONING ?

A

American Kids

*Accidental

172
Q

ZINC enhances the ABSORPTION of Vit __

A

Vit D - Cholecalciferol

173
Q

What DECREASES the ABSORPTION of zinc?

A

PHYTATES
XS Cu, Fe, Ca, Cd
Caffeine

174
Q

Main functions of Zinc

A

Support absorption/utilization of B vitamins

Supports dev/maintenance of GUY PARTS

Helps with CALCIUM deposit in bones/teeth (carbonic anhydrase enzyme)

Growth/wound healing - TOPICAL

Regulates lipid metabolism

175
Q

Therapeutic uses of ZINC

A 
Wound healing
Sickle Cell Anemia
Nyctolopia
RA
Immune support
Male infertility, low count
MACULAR DEGENERATION (MC cause of blindness)
KILLS H. PYLORI
176
Q

Copper is transported in plasma as ___ with some BOUND to ___ in the RBC’s.

A

CeruloPlasmin

Bound to ALBUMIN

177
Q

Which TRACE MINERAL helps with OXYGENATION/FORMATION of RBCs?

178
Q

Which TRACE MINERAL converts FERRIC to FERROUS state?

179
Q

Which TRACE MINERAL helps with PIGMENTING HAIR?

A

Copper

*It’s the co-factor for TYROSINE.
Tyrosine -> Melanin pigmentation

180
Q

Does WILSON’S Disease cause tremors?

181
Q

Kayser-Fleisher ring

A

Wilson’s Disease

XS Copper

Nutrition & Dietetics (2 decks)

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