Midterm 1 Flashcards
Importance of IPC
- allos us to establish/maintain/end connections
- enables us to change and progress
- purposeful and functional
- liberating and limiting
Communication is defined as
process through which people use messages to generate meaning within across contexts, cultures, channels, and media
5 components of Comm
- message: info we relay
- interaction: people exchange a series of messages
- context: situation and setting that influence how we communication
- channel: sensory way we transmit info (sound, sight, touch)
- media: tools for exchanging messages (email, text message)
Interpersonal Comm is defined as
dynamic form of comm between two (or more) people in which messages exchanged significantly influence their thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and relationships
Principles of IPC
- Conveys content and relationship info(ex. mom calling you with a nickname)
- can be intentional or unintentional
- can be irreversible
- can be dynamic
- is intertwined with ethics and moral principles
- is not a panacea(ex. not a solution for everything)
IPC Competence
ethical interactions that are effective at achieving a certain goal and in ways that are also appropriate to the context in which the interactions occur
Appropriateness
degree to which you comm matches situational, relational, and cultural expectations
High self-monitors versus low self-monitors
high: poses the ability and desire to alter their behaviors to fit any type of social interaction
Low: don’t asses their own comm (act like themselves)
effectiveness is the
ability to use comm to accomplish goals
3 types of IPC goals
- self-presentation goals: to present yourself in ways so that others perceive you as being a particular type of person
- instrumental goals: to accomplish or obtain something through a particular interpersonal encounter
- relationship goals: to build, maintain, or terminate bonds with others
Maslow Hierarchy of needs: ego needs, social needs, and security needs, physical needs
self actualizing needs: unique abilisties and best efforts
- ego needs: respect and admiration
- social needs: satisfying and healthy bonds
- security needs: safety and job security
- physical needs: air, foods, water, shelter (fundamentals)
to behave effectively, appropriately, and ethically in a given context, we need: knowledge, motivation, and skill
Knowledge: cognitive info you need to have about people and context to be able to say and do procedures to be performed
Motivation: degree to which people are drawn to or pushed away from comm competently in a given context
Skill: actual performance of the behaviors that are deemed appropriate and effective
context
boundaries we perceive that help us know what the comm is and what it is suppose to be
ethics
set of moral principles that guide our behaviors toward others
self defined as
who we are, how we perceive ourselves, and how we feel about ourselves
-self can change, it is not fixed or static, and it is multifaceted
3 components of self
- self awareness: the ability to view yourself as a unique person and then reflect on your thoughts, feeling, and behaviors
ex. social comparison: what we engage in when comparing ourselves to others - self -concept: our overall perception of who we are as influenced by beliefs, attitudes, and values we have about ourselves
ex. looking glass self: how our self concept is influences by what we believe others think of us
ex. self-fulfilling prophecies: predictions about future interactions that lead us to behave in ways that ensure the interaction unfolds as we predicted - Self-esteem: the overall value that we assign to ourselves
ex. self-discrepancy theory: suggests that your self esteem is determined by how you compare to your ideal self and out self
self-fulfilling prophecies
predictions about future interactions that lead us to
self-discrepancy theory
suggests that your self esteem is determined by how you compare to your ideal self and out self
looking glass self
how our self concept is influences by what we believe others think of us
social comparison
what we engage in when comparing ourselves to others
Johari Window
look at book
4 Attachment Styles: secure, preoccupied, dismissive, and fearful
- Secure: individuals are low on both anxiety and avoidance; they are comfy with intimacy and seek close ties with others
- Preoccupied: adults are high in anxiety and low in avoidance; they desire closeness but are plagued with fear of rejection
- Dismissive: they view close relationships as comparatively unimportant, instead prizing and prioritizing self reliance
- fearful: adults are high in both attachment anxiety and avoidance; they fear rejection and ten to shun relationships
Face
we present a public self- our face- that we want others to see and know (corky, upbeat or cool and level headed)
Mask
public self designed to strategically veil your private self; can be dramatic, subtle (parents not looking worried in front of kids)
Social Penetration theory
revealing the self to others involves peeling back or penetrating layers
three layers:
1. outermost, peripheral layer (age, name)
2. intermediate layer (music taste, political beliefs)
3. central layer (self awareness, concept, esteem, values)
Perception Process
an active process of creating meaning by selecting, organizing, and interpreting info from our sense
-selection and salience
punctuating
structuring the info into a chronological sequence that matches how we experience the order of events
attributions
explanations for why things happen or why people behave a certain way
2 general typles of causes we use when making attributions: internal and external
internal: disposition, personality, or character traits
external: situational or environmental factors
Fundamental Attribution Erros
The actor-observer effect: blaming other for something we messed up on
The Self serving bias: putting praise onto ourselves for everyone’s success
-we often attribute positive to internal sources and the negative to external sources
personality
characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and acting based on traits we possess
BIG FIVE (OCEAN)
- openness
- conscientiousness
- extraversion
- agreeableness
- neuroticism
Implicit Personality Theory
beliefs about different personality types and the ways in which personality traits cluster together
Interpersonal Impressions
beliefs about different personality types and the ways in which personality traits cluster together
Gestalt
general impressions of people either positive or negative
Halo effect
positive interpreting what someone says or does because we have a positive gestalt of them
Horn effect
negatively interpreting the comm of people for whom we have negative gestalts toward
algebraic impressions
comparing/assessing the pos/neg. info we learn about a person and calculating an overall impression
Culture
beliefs, values, social practices, norms among a certain group
Idividualistiv cultures
independence an personal achievement
collectivist cultures
group identity , interpersonal harmony, group well being
uncertainty avoidance
tolerance and acceptable of unpredicatblity
Low uncertainty avoidance
higher tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity
High uncertainty avoidance
prefer to avoid uncertainty
Power distance
status of inequities
- low PD: minimize social inequalities
- high PD: accept the hierarchy of inequality as appropriate
Masculinity versus Fem.
the extent to which people prefer achievement and assertiveness or nurturance and social support
Monochromic time orient
time is precious resource
polychromic time orient
time is not a resource-time is flexible
ex. value harmonious interactions over “being on time”
Perception Checking
seeing things from others vantage point without necessarily experiences her/his emotions
empathetic concern
emotional concern for the person and his/her experience
