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RST 1E > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Armageddon

A

1) place where the great battle between Jesus and the antichrist occurs

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2
Q

Billy Graham

A

1) American evangelical Christian, southern Baptist with strong influence on American people via radio broadcasts and TV

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3
Q

John Nelson Darby

A

1) 19th century rapture theorist
2) looked for hopeful messages from the bible in times of suffering
3) Biblical prophecies do not hold that rapture would occur in our time, but only that it happens after Jesus arrives and grants salvation to believers (dispentional millenialist pre?

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4
Q

Modernity

A

1) being modern, rejecting traditional values, emphasizing subjective experience of modern world.
2) socio-cultural norms like progressivism, economic norms like industrialism

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5
Q

Charles Hodge

A

1) Leading proponent of The Princeton Theory–bible was word of God, following in Luther’s footsteps. Princeton theory was adopted by Fundamentalist’s argument for literal interpretation of the bible.

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6
Q

Mythical Knowledge

A

1) Oral ways of knowing. Context dependent, Eberle’s “Myth” rejected by Fundamentalists, and arguably extreme modernists
2) Interpreting texts as metaphorical
3) synthetic vs analytic, book learning vs bike learning, induction vs deduction
4) knowledge that is sensed, felt
5) fundamentalists dono’t necessarily agree with mythical knowing

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7
Q

creation science

A

1) applying principles of science and scientific arguments to creationist theory. ex. IDT, Atlas of Creation

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8
Q

natural theology

A

1) idea that creation evidence can be observed in nature . Ex. wings perfect for flying therefore need a designer
2) William Paley

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9
Q

dialectical quotation

A

1) type of respectful quotation in which the author argues for a moral code or lesson that can be learned from qupte, regardless of validity of what is said.

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10
Q

orthodoxy

A

1) generally accepted by some traditional authority

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11
Q

Discover Institute

A

1) Seattle based creation research organization

2) argues for intelligent Design Theory

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12
Q

Pentecostalism

A

1) sect of evangelical Christianity notable for its use of speaking in tongues
2) not necessarily fundamentalists, but strong evangelicals

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13
Q

dispensationalism

A

1) breaking of Christian history into various parts

ex. the fall, the flood, etc

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14
Q

premillennialism

A

1) Jesus arrives to fight the antichrist before a millennia of golden age rule on Earth

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15
Q

postmillennialism

A

1) Jesus arrives to fight the antichrist after a millennia of golden age rule on Earth

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16
Q

Eclectic Quotation

A

1) form of respectful quotation that seeks to enhance an argument by citing more than one varied sources.
2) anna Meigs “ritual language in everyday life”

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17
Q

Emic

A

1) insider’s perspective on a certain group

2) Muaro “Modern Philosophy”

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18
Q

the rapture

A

1) the taking up of Christian believers, dead and alive, into heaven by Jesus
2) differences in sect whether before, during, or after Jesus returns
3) Left behind series

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19
Q

Establishment Clause

A

1) section of first amendment in US constitution that prevents government adoption/enforcement of religion; makes government secular

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20
Q

respectful quotation

A

1) type of quotation in which the writer quotes from a source thought to be authoritative on the subject…writer enhances credibility by quoting an authoritative source
2) used by fundamentalist when quoting God
3) can be Phatic, dialectical, eclectic, sacramental (Meigs: Ritualistic Languange in everyday life)

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21
Q

etic

A

1) outsider’s perspective, neutral

2) ex. Eberle in “Modernism”

22
Q

Left Behind Series

A

1) rapture-setting novels
2) effects studied by AMy Frykholm in Rapture Culture
3) can produce some exceptions to seven characteristics of fundamentalism
4) strengths in portrayal of family ties existent in the rapture

23
Q

evangelicalism

A

1) four characteristic of evangelicals
a) experience of personal convergence (WWJD)
b) acceptance of Trinitarian creed
c) personal salvation through Christ
d) evangelicalism–converting others
2) All fundamentalist evangelicals, but not all evangelicals fundamentalists

24
Q

Scofield Reference Bible

A

1) key source in using bible to predict the end times and separate various dispensations
2) sponsored by Union Oil and Lyman Bros.

25
Q

Everson vs Board of Education

A

1) Incorporated the Establishment Clause to state law
2) reimbursement was provided to New Jerseyy private and public school students’ families for riding the bus. Public school parents thought it was wrong for tax payer money to fund private education
3) no public funding for private/ faith-based schools

26
Q

Millennialism

A

1) the belief that there will be one thousand years of golden age rule on earth

27
Q

Free Exercise Clause

A

1) part of the first amendment of the US Constitution that states that the government will not prohibit the practice of any religion

28
Q

Scopes Trial

A

1) Johns Scopes broke Tenn state law by teaching evolution.
2) Williams Jennings Bryan prosecuted and Clarence Darrow defended Scopes in the trial.
3) Bryan was a fundamentalist and Darrow could be considered a modernist. Bryan won the case but the case was considered a scandal.
4) Representative of the Fundamentalist vs modernist struggle

29
Q

Gospel of Mary

A

1) a “lost gospel” of Mary Magdalen
2) states Mary Magdalene (female prostitute) was favored disciple of Christ
3) rejected by church for this reason, rejection exemplary of patriarchal norms

30
Q

Secularism

A

1) separation of various societal aspects from the authority and realm of religion.
2) increasing secularism in sociocultural norms can be seen as a cause for fundamentalism
3) establishment clauses makes US government secular

31
Q

Harun Yahya

A

1) Muslim creationist
2) worked with Institute for Creation Research
3) author of Atlas of Creation

32
Q

social darwinism

A

1) application of evolutionary theory to social/political/economic status
2) survival of the fittest–excel because best equipped to do so
3) backed by Rockefeller

33
Q

Higher Criticism

A

1) practiced at University of Chicago
2) involved looking at bible as metaphorical rather than literal and studied textual evolution
3) seen as epitome of Modern thought/philosophy
4) attacked by Mauro in the fundamentals
5) supported by Rockefeller of US Oil

34
Q

The Fundamentals: A testimony to the trurth

A

1) critique of modern thought and philosoopohy by Phillip Mauro and other fundamentalist theorists
2) backed by Lyman Bros of Union Oil in CA
3) Bible Institute of LA

35
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

1) German thinker who argued to find truth one should look to their own sensory faculties and not the guidance of others

36
Q

William Jennings Bryan

A

1) defended John Scopes in Scopes trial
2) opposed Evolution
3) was backed into trying to argue for a literal interpretation of the Bible by Clarence Darrow

37
Q

Intelligent Design Theory

A

1) Theory that states that some beings/ biological processes are far too advanced to have arisen via evolution and therefore must have been created
2) argued for by Discovery Institute in Seattle
3) attempt by fundamentalists/creationists to prove the bible’s creation story fit inside realm of modern science

38
Q

William Paley

A

1) proponent of natural theology

2) argued that one could learn about God via observation of nature

39
Q

Institute for Creation Research

A

1) San Diego-based research organization dedicated to finding scientific evidence in support of creationist theory
2) PARTNERED WITH Harun Yahya for Atlas of Creation

40
Q

Jean-Jacque Rosseau

A

1) French Philosopher who opposed tyranny, argued that social relations were about exploitation and power, and tthat people seek autonomy through logic and emotion of feeling and experience

41
Q

John Gresham Machen

A

1) Fundamentalist Social Reformer
2) opposed jay-walking and the draft
3) orthodox presbyterian
4) religious pluralist and a libertarian

42
Q

Characteristics of fundamentalists and examples of each

A

1) A strident oppositional stance–Mauro with modern philosophy
2) polarization of moral extremes–Mauro with modern philosophy
3) Patriarchal Norms–prevalence of he/his pronouns
4) insider key words and phrases–Left behind series “retaking of the throne of David”
5) historicism/factualism–Intelligent Design Theory, Discovery Institute, Institute for Creation Research, dispensationalism
6) Myth of a Golden Age–prior to the fall, millennialism, Mauro with founding fathers
7) wholistic, often authoritarian idea of a political order governed by God

43
Q

How does the 20th-century development of fundamentalism relate to California?

A

1) Stewart brothers of Union Oil (Lyman and Milton) founded Bible College in Los Angeles
2) Bible College produced the Fundamentals in 1908 and the Scofirel Reference Bible
3) Oil wealth funded fundamentalist education based in CA

44
Q

Explain how Darwin’s science of Evolution has proven so central for fundamentalism in the US.

A

1) Evolution contradicted biblical story of creation.
2) epitome of modern science’s challenge to religion
3) tensions between evolution and fundamentalism best illustrated in Scopes Trial
4) caused efforts to prove scientific fact of creation: Institute for Creation Research, Intelligent Design Theory, etc.

45
Q

In what ways has Christian Creationism influenced Muslim Creationism? Give Specific examples.

A

1) Intelligent Design theory and Information used by Christian groups to prove design have been integrated into Islamic arguments
2) Harun Yahya’s Atlas of Creation working with the Institute for Creation Research and other creationist scientists

46
Q

What is Intelligent Design Theory, how did it develop, and how are its claims defended? To what extent does IDT reject science? (essay question)

A

1) IDT Theory stipulates that some biological processes/body-parts/etc. are too advanced to have resulted from evolution, and, therefore, are evident of a creator’s design
a scientific account of creationism
2) Its claims are defended with scientific and geological research, rather than biblical scripture, via Discovery Institute and the Institute for Creation Research
3) IDT uses science, synthesizes it to support creation

47
Q

To what extent is fundamentalism opposed to modernism?

A

1) Creation vs. Modern Science and Evolution (Yahya, Coyne)
2) sacred texts vs. Higher Criticisms (Mauro)
3) religious integration into society vs. secularization (Everson v Board, Scopes Trial, schools, etc)
4) community organized around church/ culture vs economically efficient means (Eberle)

48
Q

Why can a consideration of media forms (e.g. speech, writing, print, audiocassettes) be helpful in studies of fundamentalism?

A

1) shows how ideas spread and gain popularity
2) Shows sponsorship and who is backing funamentalists (ex. stewart bros)
3) allows examination of rhetoric and linguistics
4) Left behind series–popular fundamentalism
5) Billy Graham and the radio

49
Q

What Kind of Stereotypes have hampered out understanding of fundamentalism?

A

1) Politically conservative
does not alow for us to account for fundamentalist reforemers lke John Gresham Machen–religious pluralist, libertarian, opposed draft
2) see counter examples to seven characteristics of fundamentalism

50
Q

What rhetorical strategies do fundamentalists employ to defend their views?

A

1) Ritualistic Language–Meiggs
2) respectful quotation–dialectical, eclectic, phatic, sacramental
3) disrespectful quotation
4) scientific evidence

51
Q

What is Dispensational Premillenialism and how did it develop? To what extent have adherents of such a belief diverged from mainline orthodox Protestantism?

A

1) dispensational premillennialism–breaking up of sections in time into various parts of biblical history with the specific idea that Christ will return to fight the antichrist before a golden age rule of a thousand years on Earth
2) started with John Nelson Darby (dispensational millennialism) and was taken to premillennialism in America by leading fundamentals like Billy Graham

RST 1E (2 decks)

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