midterm 1 Flashcards
conditions for allylic bromination
NBS, ccl4, heat light or peroxide
conditions for halogenation of benzene? ex cl2 or br2
for cl2 you need cl2 and fecl3. for br2 you need br2 and febr3
what do you need for nitration and what temp
hno3, h2so4, 50 degrees
what do you need for sulfonation
concentrated h2so4
what do you use for desulfonation?
dilute h2so4 (more water, equilibrium to the left)
what do you need for friedel crafts alkylation
alcl3
what do you need for friedel crafts acylation?
excess benzene, alcl3
what is friedel crafts not good for? and how do we fix it
not good for making straight alkylbenzene. do an acylation and then clemmensen or wolff-kishner to reduce ketone to give unbranched alkylbenzene
what do you need for clemmensen reduction?
zn(hg), hcl and reflux
what do you need for wolff kishner reduction?
nh2nh2, koh, heat
what do you need for benzylic halogenation?
halogen, heat or light
how to turn alkylbenzene into benzoic acid?
add kmno4, ho-, light. cuts at the benzylic h
what do you need for birch reduction?
na, liquid nh3, etoh
at lower temp what is the product?
kinetic product (formed faster)
at higher temp what is the product?
thermodynamic product (more stable)
