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motor control > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Motor Control

A

The study of posture and movements and the mechanisms that underlie them

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2
Q

Closed loop system

A

Used to perform SLOW and precise movements

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3
Q

Open Loop System

A

Used in movements of short duration and/or well skilled

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4
Q

Deafferentation

A

Surgical technique that removes the sensory information of one or more limbs

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5
Q

Motor Equivalence

A

Ability to produce same movement with different muscle groups

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6
Q

Self-organization

A

The body can reorganize its system accordingly to what needs to be done
-NO CONTROL CENTER

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7
Q

Attractor states

A

Preferred patterns of behavior

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8
Q

Afforandances

A

Lawful properties of environment

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9
Q

Parameters

A

Used to quantify change in behavior in the “dynamical system”

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10
Q

Muscle response synergies / Coordinative structures

A

Constraining muscles and joints to function in a way that is appropriate for the action

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11
Q

Absolute Error

A

Total Error

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12
Q

Constant Error

A

-Amount and direction of error

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13
Q

Variable Error

A
  • How variable their error is

- Less variable = More consistent

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14
Q

Reaction time

A

-Time from SIGNAL to INITIATION OF MOVEMENT

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15
Q

Premotor Time

A

-First wave in EMG signals

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16
Q

Motor Time

A

-1st wave in EMG signals and INITIATION OF MOVEMENT

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17
Q

Movement time

A

-Time between start of movement and completion of it

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18
Q

Variables that influence reaction time:

A
  • Complexity of movement
  • Accuracy required
  • Amount of practice
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19
Q

Root mean squared error measures?

A

-Scoring tasks

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20
Q

Angle-to-angle

A

-Limb COORDINATION

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21
Q

Phase-Plane

A

-Limb CONTROL

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22
Q

Decussate

A

Pathways crossing midline opposite side within CNS

23
Q

Kinesthesis

A

Sensations of movements

24
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Sensory receptors that must be physically deformed to fire

25
Q

Propioceptors

A

Sensory receptors that give us an awareness of our body position in space

26
Q

Properties of sensory receptors:

A
  1. Adequate stimulation
  2. Intensity Coding (temporal and spatial)
  3. Sensory adaptation
27
Q

Adequate stimulation

A

When a sensory event raises a receptor’s resting lvl enough to generate sensory impulses

28
Q

Intensity Coding

A

Allows us to figure from light tough to hard slap

  • Temporal: The rate which each individual receptors increase
  • Spatial: The amount of receptors that fire
29
Q

Sensory adaptation

A
  • Our ability to adapt to stimulus
  • Pressure adapts rapidly
  • Pain adapts slowly
30
Q

Two somatosensory receptors

A
  • Cutaneous

- Propioception

31
Q

Cutaneous

A

-Respond to physical sensations applied to body

32
Q

Dorsal Column System

A

-Transmits to Cortex: FINE sensations, PRESSURE, limb propioception

33
Q

Anterolateral System

A

-Pain and temperature

34
Q

3 important role of sensory feedback in planning and executing movements:

A
  1. Planning action
  2. Control of movement
  3. Correcting errors during performance
35
Q

Focal visual system

A
  • Served by fovea

- IDs objects in center field of vision (conscious)

36
Q

Ambient visual system

A
  • Detects space around body while letting us know where objects are
  • Whole retina
  • Not affected by lack of light
37
Q

Direct (ecological) theory of perception

A

-Information extracted from environment is immediately meaningful without additional though

38
Q

Indirect (Cognitive) theory of peception

A

-Info from environment requires conscious thought for it to be meaningful

39
Q

Feedforward

A

-Vision used as tool for motor system to prepare for movement

40
Q

Exteroperception

A

-Layout of environment

41
Q

Expropioception

A

-Layout of body relative to objects

42
Q

Visual propioception

A

-Info of where our body positioning is in space

43
Q

Sensory conflict

A

-When our sensory systems don’t agree

44
Q

Vestibular-ocular reflex system

A

-Stabilizes our eyes

45
Q

Rods

A

-Primary photoreceptors at night

46
Q

Cones

A

-Primary photoreceptors during the day

47
Q

Semicircular canals

A

-Signals angular acceleration/decceleration of head/body

48
Q

The otoliths (utricle/saccule)

A

Signals linear acceleration/decceleration of head/body

49
Q

Smooth pursuit

A

Helps us keep moving objects FIXED on fovea

50
Q

Saccades

A

Helps with QUICK/ACCURATE eye movements

51
Q

Vergence

A

Eyes move in OPPOSITION w/each other

52
Q

Vestibular ocular reflex

A

Stabilizes eyes during head movements

53
Q

Optokinetic reflex

A

MAINTAIN STABLE images on fovea while whole visual field MOVES

motor control (2 decks)

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