Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Botanical roots of modern medicine > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Variety

A

species with stable mutations passed on to progeny;

write var. between species name and variety name in binomial nomenclature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cultivar

A

(cultivated variety) species with mutations caused by human intervention;
write cv. at the end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clones

A

Plants derived asexually from one individual (start from cutting/ vegetation);
Reproduced to maintain plant characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lines

A

Sexually reproduced cultivar (start from seed)
Inbred: self-pollinate
Hybrid: cross of two inbred lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lines

A

Sexually reproduced cultivar (start from seed);
Inbred: self-pollinate
Hybrid: cross of two inbred lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Xylem

A

dead at maturity and transports water essentially through a hollow tube;
eventually the xylem becomes full of sap and is no longer used for water transport, then functions in support and forms wood;
embedded within the ground tissue system
vascular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Phloem

A 
sieve tube elements because of the sieve like plates at the end of the cells - they are alive at maturity but are crushed as the plant grows in diameter and must be continually replaced;
transport material (sugars, nutrients)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Transpiration

A

The giving off of water vapor through the stomata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Meristematic Tissue

A

site of growth in plant; origin of the other tissue type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Apical Meristems

A

site of primary growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lateral Meristems

A

site of secondary growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dermal tissue system

A

the outer protective covering of the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vascular tissue system

A

comprises the xylem and phloem - it is embedded within the ground tissue system – xylem forms wood in woody plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ground tissue system

A

the inner supportive tissues of the plant – pith in herbaceous plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Angiosperm

A 
Angiosperm
Covered seed
Flowering plants
Fruit
Seasonal
Flat leaves
Hard Wood
Largest group of plants (divided into monocots and dicots)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gymnosperm

A 
Gymnosperm
Naked seed
Seed-producing plants
Evergreen
Scalelike needles
Soft Wood
Cones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stratification

A

Process in which seed dormancy is broken by mimicking natural conditions; usually through temperature and moisture

18
Q

Dioscorides

A

Wrote “De Materia Medica”: book with medicinal plants and illustrations that was used for years after written and on which modern botanical books are based on;
Knew of 500-600 herbal medicines
Was a physician for the Romans during war times and used poppy for dulling pain

19
Q

Participatory ethnobotanical research

A

Participate with the people and have them get involved with your research
Integrated Knowledge System more participatory approach to research

20
Q

Voucher Specimine

A

Permanent records of plants by a certain community that are easily recognizable, preserved and maintained in good condition, thoroughly documented, and readily accessible to institution.

21
Q

Quasi-cultivation

A

Method of sustainable utilization of natural populations by intervention in propagation and harvesting
(Certain woody species that naturally grow in understory of forest are so touchy/sensitive, take a while for seeds to germinate, do poorly in greenhouse. Legally- people find patches of the crop, get rid of weeds around it, and then cultivate the patches in their natural surroundings, nurture them, fertilize them or pull out the roots, clean it up, then replant it)

22
Q

Ethnobotany

A

originally defined as study of plants used by primitive and aboriginal people;
more contemporarily defined as the study of the interactions of plants and people, including the influence of plants on human culture

23
Q

William Withering

A

The English botanist who discovered digitalis through his work with Foxglove. Also wrote a book on influential British flora based on Linnaean taxonomy.

24
Q

Growth Habit

A

Refers to the genetic tendency of a plant to grow in a certain shape and to attain a certain mature height and spread

25
Q

Biennial

A

Within two seasons the plant flowers and then dies

Always herbaceous

26
Q

Primary metabolism

A

a kind of metabolite that is directly involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction; e.g. photosynthesis

27
Q

Secondary dormancy

A

Dormancy of the seed due to problems with the seed coat/embryo;
Can fix dormancy due to seed coat problems by breaking the seed coat through scarification–with acid, heat, hot water, etc;
Can fix dormancy due to embryo problems by stratification–activating the embryo by moist chilling, light exposure, etc.

28
Q

Doctrine of signatures

A

The idea that the medicinal use of plants could be determined by the visible characteristics of the plant that corresponded to anatomy
Physical appearance of plant determined its use

29
Q

Synergy

A

The effect seen by a combination of substances that is greater than would have been expected from an individual contribution

30
Q

John Gerard

A

Wrote about plants and how he used them (wrote “The Herball” based off Dioscorides’s writings). Condemned the Doctrine of Signatures

31
Q

Traditional Botanical Knowledge (TBK)

A

Encompasses all types of knowledge concerned with indigenous people and plants with its original spiritual and sociological contest leading to a wider acceptance of the value of local knowledge through ethnobotanical investigations and thus leading to more accurate research results

32
Q

Utilitarian Approach (TBK)

A

How plants are used for medicine and food

33
Q

Cognitive Approach (TBK)

A

Perception of plants by indigenous people to explain behavior exhibited

34
Q

Ecological Approach (TBK)

A

Based on socio-cultural behaviors which adapt to the natural environment

35
Q

Monocot

A 
One cotyledon;
Veins usually parallel;
Vascular bundles complexly arranged;
Fibrous root system; 
Floral parts in multiples of three
36
Q

Dicot

A 
Two cotyledons;
Veins netlike;
Vascular bundles arranged in rings;
Taproot usually present;
Floral parts usually in multiples of four or five
37
Q

Secondary Compounds

A

No direct role in cell function;;
waste products;
Second pathways prevent accumulation of toxic materials

38
Q

Secondary Compound - Alkaloids

A

Morphine from the opium poppy;

Cocaine from the coca plant

39
Q

Secondary Compounds - Phenols

A

Cannabinoids- active constituents of Cannabis;

Thymol- found in Thyme

40
Q

Secondary Compounds - Terpenoids

A

Terpenoids
Rubber from latex
Taxol from the Pacific yew tree
Essential oils

Botanical roots of modern medicine (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions