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Human Development > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What age of child may be a problem when red flags are drawn .. for example not able to speak

A

3 years of age

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2
Q

Define the science of human development

A
  • it seeks to understand how and why people of all kinds can change or remain the same over time
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3
Q

What are the 3 crucial elements of human development

A
  1. Science
  2. Diversity
  3. Connections between change and time
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4
Q

Who was Urie Bronfenbrenner

A

he was a leader in understanding ecological systems approach
- he believed that deveolopmentallists need to examine all systems surround the development of sac person

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5
Q

what are the systems called that is involved with the ecological systems approach

A
  • microsytsems
  • exosystems
  • macrosystems
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6
Q

Explain each system in the the ecological model

A
  • Microsystems = a person’s immediate surroundings
  • exosystems = a local institutions, such as schools and churches
  • macrosystems= larger social setting, including cultural values, economic policies, and political processes
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7
Q

Name the 5 characteristics of development

A
  1. Multidirectional
  2. Multicontectual
  3. Multicultural
  4. Multidisciplinary
  5. Plasticity
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8
Q

what is the understanding of multidirectional preiniciple

A
  • its changes in direction, development is dynamic, not static
  • years are analyzed
  • a tiny change can have an enormous impact
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9
Q

Explain the multidirectional principle

A

Humans develop in dozens of contexts that profoundly affect their development

  • their physical surroundings
  • family patterns
  • people born within a few years of one another will have the same values, events, cultures
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10
Q

explain the multicultural principle

A
  • culture affects each human at every moment… culture is so pervasive, people early notice their culture while they are immersed in it
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11
Q

Describe the Multidisiplinary principle

A
  • a broad array of disciplines and cross- cutting tops… each person develops simultaneously in body, mind, and spirit
  • development is divided into three domains
    • biosocial
      • cognitive
  • — psychosocial
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12
Q

Describe Plasicity

A
  • developmental problems
  • human traits can be molded
  • provides hope and realism
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13
Q

What did Freud’s theory include?

A
  • psychosexuall stages

- development occurs in 1st 6 years in 3 stages which can lead to long term effects based on childhood experiences

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14
Q

Name the psychosocial stages that were developed by Freud

A
  • Oral (birth to 1 yr) - mouth is focus of stimulation and interaction = feeding and weaning are central
    2. Anal 1-2yrs - anus is focus of stimulation and interaction- elimination and toilet training are central
    3. Phallic (3-6 yrs) - genital are focus stimulation- gender role and moral development are central
    4. Latency (6-12 yrs) - Period os suspend sexual activity- energies shift to physical and intellectual activities
    5. genital ( 12- adulthood) are focus of stimulation with onset puberty - mature sexual relationships develop
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15
Q

Describe the personality structures that freud explained in his psychoanalytic theory

A
  • Id= instinctive nature of humans (pleasure principle)
    2. Ego - rational and objective (reality principle)
  • Superego - internalize moral standards
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16
Q

List some strengths of Freud’s theory

A
  • awareness of unconscious motivation

- emphasized important early experience

17
Q

Lists some weakness of Freud’s theory

A
  1. Ambiguos
  2. Inconsistent
    - not testable
    - not supported by research
18
Q

who developed the behaviorism theory

A
  • John Watson
19
Q

What was the behavorism theory based on?

A
  • stimulus triggers reaction (classic conditioning )
20
Q

Explain what classical conditioning is and who was responsible for this

A
  • actions have behavior associated
  • stimulus triggers reaction
  • Ivan Pavlov is the creator
21
Q

Explain what operant conditioning is and who was responsible for this

A
  • reward and punishment will increase of decrease behavior

- BF Skinnner is the creator

22
Q

State the differences between psychoanalytic theory and behaviorism

A

Psychoanalytic : focuses on childhood , going back to past , dr patient relationship
- Behavorism : looking at responsiveness - external behavior , here and now comparison , look at behavior not child

23
Q

Social learning theory belongs to who

A

albert Bandur

24
Q

describe the social learning theory

A
  • idea of modeling= look, see and do
  • people learn from observing others
  • addictive behavior based on role modeling
25
Q

Cognitive theory belongs to who

A

Jean Piaget

26
Q

Explain the cognitive theory

A

based on ideas, belief, assumptions

- has 4 stages of development : 1. sensorimotor 2.pre operational 3. concrete operational 4. ?

27
Q

Socioculture theory is related to who

A

Lev Vyfotsky

28
Q

Explain the sociocultural theory

A
  • scaffolding
  • has 3 rings of learning : inner ring = what learner already understand
  • outer ring= what learner is not ready to learn
  • Magic middle ring = what learner could learn with guidance
29
Q

AKA zones of proximal development

A
  1. Skills
  2. Knowledge
  3. Concepts
30
Q

States the differences between sociocultural theory and cognitive theory

A
  • Sociocultural theory : - general stages - learn through help or skill of others
  • cognitive theory: - specific stages - learning by experiences
31
Q

explain the temperament theory

A

basic inborn disposition

  • characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
  • consistent and enduring
  • thomas and chess
32
Q

List the different type of Baumrind’s parenting styles

A
  • authoritative
  • athoritarian
  • permissive
  • rejecting/ neglecting
33
Q

out of the 4 parenting styles which one is considered the best

A

authoritive

34
Q

which parenting styles have a high warmth and low control

A
  • permissive
35
Q

which parenting style has both high warmth and control

A
  • authoritative
36
Q

which parenting style has low warmth and high control

A

Authoritarian

37
Q

which parenting style has both low warmth and control

A

neglectful

38
Q

explain the temperament theory and who created this theory

A

it is basic inborn disposition

- Thomas and chess

39
Q

What does goodness of fit mean ?

A
  • the child’s temperament fits with the parenting style

Human Development (1 decks)

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