Midterm #1

Question 1

When was the tetrarchy?

Answer 1

293 CE

Question 2

What was the chiro?

Answer 2

The christian and military standard of Constantine

Question 3

What was the Arian heresy?

Answer 3

Arian’s saw Christ as the intermediary between God and the people, while the Council of Nicaea saw the holy trinity as one in the same.

Question 4

Nicene Creed

Answer 4

One God = holy trinity as one.

Question 5

What happened after the death of Constantine?

Answer 5

Incredible increased division.

Question 6

Ethnic migration brought

Answer 6

Franks, Visigoths, Ostragoths, Saxons, Angles, Vandals

Question 7

What was the triple heritage of the West?

Answer 7

1. Christianity and the institution of the Catholic Church
2. Roman political, military, and cultural influences.
3. Migration of the Germanic peoples.

Question 8

What was the tetrarchy?

Answer 8

• Diocletian & Galerius

- Maximian & Constantius

Question 9

“For sure man was formed out of earth, conceived in guilt, born to punishment. What he does is depraved and
illicit, is shameful and improper, vain and unprofitable. He will become fuel for the eternal fires, food for worms, a
mass of rottenness.”

Answer 9

Pope Innocent III

Question 10

“…towards the beginning of the spring of the said year (1348) the doleful effects of the pestilence began to be
horribly apparent by symptoms that appeared as if miraculous”

Answer 10

Boccaccio

Question 11

“…their object is to effect man’s liberation, so that, freed from cares, he may devote himself to wisdom. More often
than not, they liberate us from cares incompatible with wisdom. They often even free us from worry about
(material) necessities…”

Answer 11

Salisbury

Question 12

“Accordingly, two cities have been formed by two loves: the earthly by the love of self, even to the contempt of God;
the heavenly by the love of God, even to the contempt of self. The former, in a word, glories in itself, the latter in the
Lord. For the one seeks glory from men; but the greatest glory of the other is God, the witness of conscience.”

Answer 12

Augustine

Question 13

“The existence of God can be proved in five ways. The first and more manifest way is the argument from motion.”

Answer 13

Aquinas

Question 14

“I read the Metaphysics, but did not understand its contents and was baffled by the author’s intention; I read it over
forty times, until I had the text by heart. Even then I did not understand it or what the author meant…”

Answer 14

Avicenna

Question 15

“…this mortal life shall give place to one that is eternal, and our body shall be no more this animal body which by
its corruption weighs down the soul, but a spiritual body feeling no want, and in all its members subjected to the
will..”

Answer 15

Augustine

Question 16

“Can we be surprised, then, that some matters have been stated by the Fathers as opinions rather than the truth?”

Answer 16

Abelard

Question 17

“ALL men by nature desire to know. An indication of this is the delight we take in our senses; for even apart from their usefulness they are loved for themselves; and above all others the sense of sight. For not only with a view to action, but even when we are not going to do anything, we prefer seeing (one might say) to everything else. The reason is that this, most of all the senses, makes us know and brings to light many differences between things.”

Answer 17

Aristotle

Question 18

“as the most of you have heard, the Turks and Arabs have attacked them and have conquered the territory of Romania [the Greek empire] as far west as the shore of the Mediterranean and the Hellespont, which is called the Arm of St. George. They have occupied more and more of the lands of those Christians, and have overcome them in seven battles. They have killed and captured many, and have destroyed the churches and devastated the empire. If you permit them to continue thus for awhile with impurity, the faithful of God will be much more widely attacked by them. On this account I, or rather the Lord, beseech you as Christ’s heralds to publish this everywhere and to persuade all people of whatever rank, foot-soldiers and knights, poor and rich, to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends. I say this to those who are present, it meant also for those who are absent. Moreover, Christ commands it.”

Answer 18

Pope Urban II

Question 19

“let me show in a figure how far our nature is enlightened or unenlightened:–Behold! human beings living in an underground den, which has a mouth open towards the light and reaching all along the den; here they have been from their childhood, and have their legs and necks chained so that they cannot move, and can only see before them, being prevented by the chains from turning round their heads. Above and behind them a fire is blazing at a distance, and between the fire and the prisoners there is a raised way; and you will see, if you look, a low wall built along the way, like the screen which marionette players have in front of them, over which they show the puppets.”

Answer 19

Plato

Question 20

“Even in the case of those things which can be investigated by human reason, it was necessary for man to be instructed by divine revelation. The truth concerning God, if left to human reason alone, would have appeared only to a few, and only after a long search, and even then mixed with many errors; yet all of man’s well-being, which is in God, depends on knowledge of this truth. Thus, in order that this well-being should become known to men more commonly and more securely, it was necessary that they be instructed by divine revelation.
Thus it was necessary that, besides the philosophical doctrines which can be investigated by reason, there be a sacred doctrine known through revelation.”

Answer 20

Aquinas

Question 21

“And so I was introduced to the study of Latin. I had learned how to form the individual letters as best I could, but I had almost no understanding of how to put the letters together, when my pious mother, eager to educate me, decided to place me with a grammar teacher… My teacher had a love for me that was cruel, for his unjust beatings… were marked by a thorough regard for proper conduct.”

Answer 21

Guibert

Question 22

Who were the founding fathers of the Medieval Church?

Answer 22

Augustine, Jerome, Ambrose, Benedict

Question 23

Feudalism

Answer 23

Social organization of the medieval period, defined relationships between individuals.

Question 24

Scutage

Answer 24

A means necessary for Vassals to get out of battle

Question 25

What was the significance of St. Jerome?

Answer 25

Went to Bethlehem and translated the bible, the Bible Vulgate.

Question 26

What was the Rule of St. Benedict?

Answer 26

A book that detailed the importance of a harmony between monks living completely piously and alongside civilization; Fully detailed monk’s life.

Question 27

Examples of lay religious movements

Answer 27

St. Thomas More, Jan Huss

Question 28

Fief

Answer 28

The central element of feudalism and consisted of heritable property or rights granted by an overlord to a vassal who held it in fealty (or “in fee”) in return for a form of feudal allegiance and service.

Question 29

What was the significance of the heavy plow?

Answer 29

Farmers were able to open up extensive new fields thanks to the heavy plough, boosting crop yields and population numbers

Question 30

Scholastic Method and paradigm

Answer 30

Exposito, Cantena, Lectio, Quaestio, Disputatio, Summa

Question 31

What was Abellard’s argument?

Answer 31

Scribes and church fathers are fallible.

Question 32

When was the Carolingian renaissance?

Answer 32

800

Question 33

What was scriptoria?

Answer 33

Places where monks could copy texts, started by Charlemagne.