Midterm 1 Flashcards
what type of articulator do we have?
mark 320 articulator
how many working positions does the mark 320 have?
3
the DENAR FLEXTRACK of the mark 320 articulator provides _____
flexibility
the occlusal stand relates the working cast to what?
bonwill’s equilateral triangle
what are the two inclinations of the occlusal stand
- 0 degrees
- 10 degrees
what do you use to secure the maxillary cast to the occlusal table?
utility wax
what are the two schools of articulator design?
- geometric (non-anatomic) school
- condylar (anatomic) school
school of articulator deign that denied the existence of condylar axes and disregarded the condylar paths as influences on occlusion, instead claiming that the articulation of teeth guides the mandible during mastication
geometric (non-anatomic) school
school of articulator design that deals with adjustable condylar guides and the average value instruments
the condylar (anatomic) school
who came up wight he equilateral triangle theory?
william GA bonwill (1838-1899)
according to the equilateral triangle theory, the size of the mandible is equal to ___ cm from condyle to condyle and from each condyle to the ____ point
- 10 cm
- incisor
the balkwill angle is formed between what two things?
- balkwill triangle
- occlusal plane
the balkwill triangle is formed between what ?
- 2nd molars
- incisor point
(26 degree equilateral triangle)
who invented the balkwill triangle?
francis H balkwill (1866)
the relationship between the curved arrangements of the occlusal planes of natural teeth and the corresponding curves of the condylar paths
curve of spee
the ___ ____ surfaces lie on the same arc of a circle as the curve of spee
molar mastacatory
in reference to the curve of spee, the location of the axis of the cylinder’s curvature is at the level of the _________
horizontal mid-orbital plane
in reference to the curve of spee, the steeper the path of the condyles, the more pronounced the ___ ___ would be, because both have the same ___
- tooth curve
- radius
the space that occurs between the maxilla and mandible during PROTRUSION
protrusion space (christensen phenomenon)
carl christensen was the first to describe an ____ method for obtaining a protrusive record to determine the condylar _____
- intraoral
- inclination
who presented for the first time a method for setting denture teeth, using bonwill’s equilateral triangle conforming to the surface of a sphere
george S monson
in reference to Monsons spherical theory, what was at the center of the sphere?
sella turcica
theory that occlusion should be spherical, the curvature of the cusps as projected on the FRONTAL PLANE expressed in both arches
curve of wilson (mediolateral curve)
in the curve of wilson, the curve in the lower arch is ____ and the curve in the upper arch is ____
- concave
- convex
in rupert E hall’s conical theory of mandibular movement, the ____ ____ ____ was considered as the anatomical rotation center of the mandible
external occipital protuberance
the essence of both anatomic and functional harmony is the “balance” between what two things?
elevator and depressor mm
how wide is the occlusal rest space?
2-4 mm
the condylar disc is connected to the SUPERIOR HEAD of the ____ pterygoid m
lateral
the protrude the mandible, it must first go ___ and then ___
- down
- forward
the mandible rotates around the _____
THA
(terminal hindge axis)
(transverse horazontal axis)
*can be either one
the side towards which the mandible moves is termed the ____ side
working
the side away from which the mandible moves is the ____ side
non-working
the idea that the condyle moves outwards a little during mandibular lateral translation
bennett’s side shift
if you open less than 6mm you just use ___ movement
rotational
name of the first curve in the elf posselt’s envelope of motion
centric relation curve
name of the second curve in the elf posselt’s envelope of motion
curve of translation
centric occlusion (CO)
initial (central) point of contact
maximal intercuspation (MI)
furthest you can bite down so as many teeth as possible are touching
ideal occlusion
MI=CO
five functions of anterior teeth
- anterior guidance
- perform initial acts of mastication
- speech
- lip support
- esthetic
what are the two occlusal schemes?
- anterior guidance (incisor, canine)
- group function
_____ articulation is NOT acceptable in prosthetics but is IS acceptable in orthodonics
hand
what was the first articulator?
plane line articulator (1805)
*static (one joint)
what was the second articulator?
new century articulator (1906)
*two joints
what was the first articulator that is the size that is similar to our mouths
wadsworth articulator (1924)
articulator that “relates” the two casts together
homer relator (1923)
an articulator is considered ____ if the condyle is part of the mandibular arch
arcon
type of articulators that are the first to allow the condyle to move sideways (bennett’s side shift)
semi-adjustable articulators
pantographs are only used on what types of articulators
fully adjustable
the stylist of a pantograph can sense what two things?
- pressure
- movement
regarding pantographs, bennet’s angle deals with the ____ condyle and the bennet movement deals with the ____ condyle
- nonworking
- working
the third point of reference on an ear bow reaches a point on the ____
nose
corner of the eye
canthus
the ARBITRARY hinge axis is ___mm anterior to the ____
- 13
- tragus (on tragus-canthus line)
the hanau formula for the “lateral” angle (bennett’s angle) is what?
L= H/8+12
L=lateral angle | H= horazontal angle
the ear bow should be parallel to the ___
eyes (interpupillary line)
the ear bow transfer relates the _____ cast to the _____ ___ ____
- maxillary
- terminal hinge axis (mandibular condyles)
the ear bow transfer orients the ____ cast correctly in space using a ___ ___ of reference
- maxillary
- third point
the ear bow allows mounting of maxillary cast on what type of articulator
semi-adjustable
the mandibular cast is mounted using what?
centric relation record
CENTRIC RELATION is the relationship between on the cast consisting of the ____ and ___ and NOT the ____ between the casts
- condyles
- disks
- contact
in what case do you not have to use centric relation?
when patients CO=MI
what are the three methods of recording centric relation?
- bilateral manipulation
- chin point guidance
- anterior deprogrammer
(T/F) when taking a centric relation record, you want the teeth to be touching
FALSE
optimal joint relationship is achieved only when the articular disks are properly interposed between the ____ and the ___ ___
- condyles
- articular fossa
what is the only determinant of occlusion that we have control over?
anterior point of contact
the more opposing ___ in each arch, the more protected the TMJ’s are
teeth (protects the teeth as well)(spreads forces over more points of contact)
for optimal functional tooth contacts, Dr. Azer wants us to know that contacts should be ____ and ____
- EVEN
- SIMULTANEOUS
____ ___ do NOT tolerate pressure forces
osseous tissues
the periodontal ligament is present between the roots and the alveolar bone to control ____ ____
pressure forces
which has better stability, tooth-to-tooth or tooth-to-marginal ridge
tooth-to-tooth
why does tooth-to-marginal ridge have less stability?
it wedges food btw teeth interproximals
what type of lever is apparent when chewing food with posterior teeth?
class 2 (better)(closer to fulcrum)
what type of lever is apparent with chewing food with anterior teeth?
class 3 (worse)(further from fulcrum)
in maximal intercuspal postion (MI), POSTERIOR teeth come into contact and act as stops to minimize _____ ____ on ANTERIOR teeth
horizontal load
the ANTERIOR teeth guide excursive movements of the mandible so that no POSTERIOR teeth contacts occur during ____ or ____ movements
- lateral
- protrusive
in short, _____ teeth protect during VERTICAL forces and ____ teeth protect during HORIZONTAL forces
- posterior
- anterior
occlusal scheme that protect against protrusion
incisal guidance
occlusal scheme that protects during lateral movements
canine guidance
the goal of occlusal treatment is to direct occlusal forces along the ____ ___
long axis
working contacts (canine guidance or group function) should not be prevented from contacting by _____ interferences
non-working
what are the two goals of occlusal equilibration?
- to improve function and esthetics between arches
- eliminate TMJ disorders
when is the only time you should alter occlusion?
when there is specific EVIDENCE to do so
what are the 4 types of treatment plans for occlusal therapy?
- selective grinding
- fixed prosthodontics
- orthodontic therapy
- orthagnathic therapy (combo of surgery and therapy)
the buccal side of the lingual cusp and the lingual side of the buccal cusp are both _____
interslopes
concerning the rule of thirds, if the contact is in the most medial third, what type of occlusal therapy should be used?
selective grinding
concerning the rule of thirds, if the contact is in the most middle third, what type of occlusal therapy should be used?
fixed prosthodontics
concerning the rule of thirds, if the contact is in the most lateral third, what type of occlusal therapy should be used?
orthodontic treatment
what are the five factors that influence treatment planning
- symptoms
- condition of dentition
- systemic health
- esthetics
- finances
procedure by which the occlusal surfaces of the teeth are altered to improve the overall contact pattern
selective grinding
selective grinding is appropriate only when the alterations of the tooth surfaces are ____ so that all correlations can be made within the ____ structure
- minimal
- enamel
the ____ the slide, the more likely it is that selective grinding can be accomplished with the confines of the enamel
shorter
tall cusps = ____ slide
vertical
flat cusps = ____ slide
horizontal
when the slide has a great ____ component, it becomes difficult to eliminate within the confines of the enamel
horizontal
tooth alignment and the centric relation slide (CO/MI) are more easily evaluated on ___ ___ ___
mounted diagnostic casts
selective grinding is carefully performed on the ____ ____ so that the final results can be visualized
diagnostic cast
concerning selective grinding, you should never grind the ____ ____ but instead should always grind the ____
- functional cusp
- fossa
*hammer and anvil principle
if there is a deviation forward you should grind ______
MUDL
mesial upper distal lower
if there is a deviation toward the cheek you should grind _____
BULL
buccal incline upper cusp
lingual incline lower cusp
if there is a deviation toward the tongue you should grind ______
LUBL
lingual incline upper cusp
buccal incline lower cusp
if there is a nonworking interference you should grind ____
BULL
if there is a working interference you should grind ____
LUBL
if there are protrusive interferences you should grind ____
DUML
distal upper mesial lower
according to DeVan (1952) the goal of prosthodontic treatment is to ____ what remains
preserve
what are the three elements of prosthetic rehabilitation
- occlusion
- esthetics
- phonetics
in reference to esthetic composition, dental composition just involves ____
teeth
in reference to esthetic composition, dentofacial composition involves what?
lips and teeth
in reference to esthetic composition, facial composition involves what?
whole face
esthetic ____ depends on equilibrium between distractive elements
harmony
what is considered the midline of the face
philtrum
what is the golden proportion and who came up with the idea
- 1.618
- pythagoras
_____ must be introduced in the dentofacial composition to create a positive psychological response
symmetry (with SLIGHT asymmetry)
what are the 9 components of a smile?
- lip line
- smile line
- upper lip curvature
- buccal corridor
- axial alignment and gradation
- dominace
- embrasures
- dental morphology
- gingival morphology
hypothetical curved line drawn along the edges of MAXILLARY anterior teeth that las a coincidence to run parallel to the curvature of the LOWER lip
smile line
the ___ ___ is more pronounced in women
smile line
two reasons for the central incisor dominance
- biggest tooth
- lightest in color
process of developing intra- and inter arch relationships to establish crown contours and occlusal schemes for diagnostic purposes
diagnostic waxing
natural teeth have ____ emergence profiles in the gingival third
straight
the emergence profile extends from what two places?
- depth of gingival sulcus
- crest of contour
type of facial esthetics that deals with the entire face and its structures
macro-esthetics
type of facial esthetics that deals with excessive or inadequate gingival display or heights as well as excessive buccal corridors
mini-esthetics
*stuff in the mouth other than teeth
type of facial esthetics that deals with tooth proportions, gingival shape and contour, and tooth shade
micro-esthetics
*teeth
the golden proportion is best for very ___ teeth
tall
80% proportion is best for ____ teeth
short (and normal)
is there a clear cut best for normal height or tall teeth?
no
central incisors that had a width/height ratio of ____ were ranked the most optimal
0.75-0.78
it is good for esthetics if the roots of maxillary central incisors to have a slight ___ inclination
distal
it is good for esthetics if the lateral incisors are slightly _____ than the centrals
shorter
as far as embrasures for esthetics goes, ____ is preferred to ____
- reduced
- increased
concerning esthetics, the strongest preferences are concerned with what two things?
- diastemas
- midline shift
concerning esthetics, the weakest preferences were for what two things?
-whiteness and proportion
concerning esthetics, the greatest “minority view” was for what?
straight embrasures
concerning esthetics, what gender had stronger preferences in all conditions?
females
