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IB C143 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Three components of behaviour

A
  1. Input system (sensory)
  2. Integrator (CNS)
  3. Output/effector (muscles)
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1
Q

Cytokines

A

Chemical signals produced by immune system; hormones interact with them

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2
Q

Pigeon crop sac

A

Determine prolactin dose by injecting it to pigeon crop sac and measuring epithelial cell height

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3
Q

Rabbit test

A

Determine presence of hCG by injecting urine into rabbit. Present if forms corpora lutea

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4
Q

Intracrine

A

Intracellular

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5
Q

Autocrine

A

Self regulation

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6
Q

Paracrine

A

Influence nearby cells

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7
Q

Endocrine

A

Release into blood, affect distant cells

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8
Q

Ectocrine

A

Release into the environment, affect other animals

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9
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Ductless, have rich blood supply

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10
Q

Exocrine gland

A

Have ducts into which their products are released

E.g. Salivary, sweat, mammary glands

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11
Q

Exocytosis

A

Water-soluble hormones stored in vesicles, and when signalled to secrete, they fuse with the cell membrane and get released into extracellular space

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12
Q

Carrier protein

A

Carries lipid-soluble hormone through bloodstream

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13
Q

TRH

A

Thyrotropin releasing, hypothalamic, stimulates prolactin

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14
Q

GHRH

A

Growth hormone releasing, hypothalamic, release growth hormone

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15
Q

GnRH

A

Gonadotropin releasing, hypothalamic, stimulate FSH & LH

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16
Q

MRH

A

Melanotropin releasing, hypothalamic

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17
Q

CRH

A

Corticotropin releasing, hypothalamic, stimulate ACTH in anterior pituitary -> release of cortisol(glucocorticoid) in adrenal gland

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18
Q

GHIH

A

Growth hormone inhibiting, hypothalamic

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19
Q

GnIH

A

Gonadotropin inhibiting, hypothalamic

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20
Q

Dopamine

A

Hypothalamic, inhibit prolactin and melanotropin

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21
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Class of proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached; in anterior pituitary

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22
Q

Gonadotropins

A

Luteinizing hormone & follicle stimulating hormone

Steroidgenesis and maturation of gonads

23
Q

Growth hormone

A

Anterior pituitary, stimulate release of somatomedin, cause bone growth

24
Q

Prolactin

A

Anterior pituitary, stimulated by TRH or prolactin releasing factor such as oxytocin

25
Q

Oxytocin

A

Posterior pituitary, milk letdown, uterine contraction

26
Q

Vasopressin

A

Posterior pituitary, water balance, blood pressure

27
Q

Calcitonin

A

Thyroid gland, reduces blood calcium level, oppose PTH

28
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone, increase blood calcium level, oppose calcitonin

29
Q

Insulin

A

Pancreatic peptide, beta, reduce blood glucose level by storing glucose as glycerin, oppose glucagon

30
Q

Glucagon

A

Pancreatic, alpha, increase blood glucose level by breaking down glycogen in liver, oppose insulin

31
Q

Somatostatin

A

Pancreatic, delta, inhibit insulin and glucagon

32
Q

Steroid hormone

A

Formed from cholesterol, fat-soluble

33
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating, anterior pituitary, stimulate thyroid gland to produce T4 –> T3, which regulates metabolism

34
Q

Thyroid hormones

A

T4, T3, derived from tyrosine, metabolism

35
Q

Adrenal medullary monoamine hormones

A

Tyrosine -> DA -> norepinephrine -> epinephrine

36
Q

Pineal gland monoamine hormone

A

Tryptophan -> 5HT -> Melatonin (night), serotonin (day)

37
Q

Anterior pituitary origin

A

Rathke’s pouch, outgrowth of roof of mouth

38
Q

Adrenal medulla of adrenal gland

A

Release 3 monoamine hormones, DA, NE, epinephrine

39
Q

Two compartmentalizations function of gonads

A
  1. Steroidgenesis, production of hormone

2. Gametogenesis, production of gametes

40
Q

Semi-niferous tubules

A

Produces sperms in testes

41
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Where sperms are embedded, provide nutrients

42
Q

Leydig interstitial cells

A

Hormone producing cells in testes, in between tubules

43
Q

Follicle

A

Contains egg in ovary

44
Q

Corpora lutea

A

Structure that develops fro follicles after egg is released

45
Q

Thecal cells

A

Secrete estrogens, have receptors for LH and can produce androgen from cholesterol in response to LH

46
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Surround oocytes(immature egg), convert androgen to estrogen in response to FSH, and produce progesterone in response to LH

47
Q

SRY

A

Encodes testis determination factor, which causes medulla of germinal ridge to develop into a testis

48
Q

Dual anlagen

A

Presence of both accessory sex organs at the beginning

49
Q

Müllerian duct

A

No hormone, then develop into Fallopian tubes, cervix, uterus

50
Q

Wolffian duct

A

In presence of testosterone and MIH, develop into seminal vesicles and vas deferens

51
Q

MIH

A

Mullerian inhibitory hormone, makes Müllerian duct regress

52
Q

DHT

A

5-a dihydrotestosterone, converted from testosterone by enzyme 5a-reductase, necessary for development of penis

53
Q

CAH

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adrenal glands produce too much androgen as opposed to cortisol, masculinization of genitals in females

54
Q

CAIS

A

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, androgen receptors don’t function, XY males have female genitalia but with testes, raised as girls but sterile

55
Q

5a- reductase deficiency

A

XY males born with ambiguous genitalia, raised as girls, but become men at puberty

IB C143 (1 decks)

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