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CNS > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functional divisions of the Nervous System?

A

Autonomic (visceral) NS

Somatic NS

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2
Q

Name the 2 parts of the forebrain

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

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3
Q

The hindbrain is made up of what structures?

A

Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla

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4
Q

T or F

Gray matter is composed of myelinated fibres usually dendrites

A

False

Gray matter is unmyelinated fibres

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5
Q

T or F
Sympathetic = Craniosacral
Parasympathetic = Thoracolumbar

A

False

Opposite is true

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6
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?

A

31

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7
Q

What are some different types of bipolar neurons?

A

Retinal
Cochlear
Vestibular
**usually sensory & interneurons

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8
Q

T or F

Unipolar neurons are the most common type of neurons according to the Neuron Doctrine

A

False

Multicelluar

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9
Q

What is another name for the RER?

A

Nissle Bodies

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10
Q

What are the general characteristics of a neuron?

A

Cell body - fluid mosaic model
Dendrites
Axon
Synapses & boutons

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11
Q

Describe the pathway for anterograde intracellular transportation

A

Soma -> axon -> terminal

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12
Q

Name the types of synapses

A 
Axodendritic 
Axosomatic
Dendrodendritic 
Axoaxonic 
Somosomatic
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13
Q

What type of synapse is common with interneurons?

A

Axoaxonic

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14
Q

T or F

Axosomatic is the most common type of synapse?

A

False

Axodendritic

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15
Q

T or F

Oligodendrocytes are unmyelinated

A

False

Myelinated

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16
Q

What are the names of the gaps between Schwann cells as well as Oliogodendrocytes?

A

Node of Ranvier

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17
Q

What determines the rate of a neural transmission down an axon?

A

Length of the Node of Ranvier

Shorter length = faster transmission

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18
Q

How do Schwann cells myelinate a fibre?

A

By wrapping around and around the fibre covering it with myelination

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19
Q

The most numerous Neuroglia are?

A

Astrocytes

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20
Q

Which one is matched incorrectly:

Schwann Cells = Peripheral 
Astrocytes = myelin 
Microglia = phagocytes 
Oligodendrocytes =myelin 
Ependymal = line ventricles
A

Astrocytes are not myelin they are endothelia

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21
Q

What does glial mean?

A

Glue

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22
Q

T or F

Ependymal cells are stratified ciliated epithelial cells

A

False

PSEUDOstratified

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23
Q

What structure in one of the Neuroglia cells creates flow to move CSF?

A

The cilia on the Ependymal cells

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24
Q

Ependymal cells with _________ creates CSF

A

Capillaries

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25
Q

T or F

Microglia are nomadic

A

True

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26
Q

What Neuroglia are considered the immune system for the nervous system?

A

Microglia

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27
Q

T or F

1 oligodendrocyte will myelinate 1 neural fibre

A

False

They send out processes that wrap around multiple fibres

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28
Q

What Neuroglia provide metabolic and structural support for the NS?

A

Astrocytes

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29
Q

T or F

The ependymal cells help support the blood brain barrier

A

False

Astrocytes

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30
Q

What is Neurulation?

A

It is when the notochord induces the overlying ectoderm to migrate towards the centre and form the NS

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31
Q

When does the NS develop in the embryo?

A

between the 3rd and 4th week

for amy….the 12th week!!! MOTHER FUCKAAAAA

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32
Q

T or F

The NS develops from the Ectoderm germ layer

A

True

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33
Q

The peripheral nervous system develops from what embryonic structure?

A

Neural Crest

34
Q

Name the more common terms for:
Prosencephalon = ?
Mesencephalon = ?
Rhombencephalon = ?

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

35
Q

What brain vesicle grows fast and laterally to form the Cerebrum?

A

Forebrain

36
Q

T or F

The corpus striatum is part of the Diencephalon

A

False

Telencephalon
** if you see Thalamus in the name put it in the diencephalon

37
Q

In regards to the Mesencephalon name the structures from dorsal to ventral

A

Tectum -> Cerebral Aqueduct -> Tegmentum -> Cerebral peduncles

38
Q

T or F

There is more organization than growth in the midbrain during embryonic development

A

True

39
Q

T or F

In the hindbrain during development the anterior growth becomes the cerebrum and the posterior growth becomes the pons.

A

False

Anterior growth = pons
Posterior growth = Cerebrum

40
Q

Silver staining technique is also called?

A

Golgi staining

41
Q

Are somatosomatic transmissions electrical or chemical?

A

Electrical

- there is an ionic difference between two cells and the electrical difference jumps from one to another.

42
Q

The 2nd expansion of the neural tube forms:

a. prosencephalon
b. telencephalon
c. mesencephalon
d. none of the above

A

d. none of the above

** the 2nd expansion of the neural tub forms the Rhombencephalon

43
Q

During what week of development does the Prosencephalon expand laterally quickly?

a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6

A

5th week

44
Q

What is the name of the primitive cerebral hemispheres that develop during the 5th week?

A

Telencephalon

45
Q

Does the cerebral peduncle have descending sensory or motor fibres?

A

Motor

46
Q

What are the 4 little bumps on the tectum called?

A

Colliculi

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT a primary vesicle:

a. Prosencephalon
b. Diencephalon
c. Mesencephalon
d. Rhombencephalon

A

Diencephalon is a secondary vesicle

48
Q

Which of the following is classified as both primary and secondary vesicle:

a. Telencephalon
b. Myelencephalon
c. Mesencephalon
d. Metenchephalon

A

Mesencephalon

49
Q

bends in the brain = ?

A

Flexures

50
Q

When do the cervical and cephalic flexures develop?

A

Early 4th week

51
Q

Are these matched correctly?

Cervical flexure = between medulla and spinal cord
Cephalic flexure - between prosencephalon & midbrain

A

Yes

52
Q

T or F

Both the Cervical and Cephalic Flexures are located on the posterior (dorsal) side

A

False

Anterior (ventral)

53
Q

Name the flexure that develops later in the 4th week, beginning of 5th week and is located on the dorsal side.

A

Pontine Flexure

54
Q

What is an aka for the Pontine Flexure

A

Rhomboid flexure

55
Q

What makes up the walls of the lateral ventricles?

A

Telencephalon

56
Q

Which of the following make up the walls of the 3rd ventricle:

a. Diencephalon
b. Telencephalon
c. Mesencephalon
d. none of the above

A

a. Diencephalon

57
Q

What is the name of the two holes that connect the 3rd ventricle to the lateral?

A

Intraventricular foramen

58
Q

What structure makes up the walls of the 4th ventricle?

A

Metencephalon

59
Q

Are these matched correctly in regards to the neural tube?

Motor structures = alar plate
Sensory structures = basal plate

A

No

Opposite is true

60
Q

T or F

The motor structures of the neural tube are located on the ventral side

A

True

Sensory structures are therefore located on the dorsal side.

61
Q

What is the name of the neural tube structure that separates the motor structures from the sensory?

A

Sulcus Limitans

62
Q

In regards to the midbrain are the motor structures located medial or lateral?

A

Medial

63
Q

Cell development in the spinal cord divides the neural tube into 3 zones. Please name them

A
  1. Ventricular Zone - innermost
  2. Intermediate Zone
  3. Marginal Zone - outer
64
Q

The innermost ventricular zone of the spinal cord contains…

A

Immature cells, germ cells, and stem cells

65
Q

The cells in the intermediate zone of the neural tube specify into 2 main types of cells…

A

Neuroblast -> nerve cell

Glioblast -> oligodendrocyte, astrocyte, ependymal cell

66
Q

What layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain and spinal cord?

A

Pia Mater

67
Q

T or F

The brainstem but not the spinal cord has all three layers of the meninges

A

False

Brain stem and spinal cord have all 3 there is just a difference in how they are arranged.

68
Q

The Dura is innervated by?

A

Trigeminal Nerve and C1-C3 (sensory) dorsal roots

69
Q

What meningeal fold is between the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

Falx Cerebri

70
Q

This meningeal fold is between the cerebellum & cerebrum

A

Tentorium Cerebelli

71
Q

T or F

The Falx Cerebelli is between the hemispheres of the Cerebellum

A

True

72
Q

Where does the Spinal Dura Mater end?

A

S2

73
Q

What structure anchors the dural sac?

A

Coccygeal Ligament

74
Q

T or F

The Coccygeal Ligament is actually dura and arachnoid mater

A

False

Dura and pia!

75
Q

Name the structure that suspends the spinal cord in the CSF

A

Trabecular of the Arachnoid mater

76
Q

How many pairs of dentate ligaments do we have?

A

21 pairs

77
Q

T or F

The dural sinuses drain into the external jugular vein

A

False

Internal

78
Q

CSF is formed by?

A

Choroid Plexus

79
Q

At any given moment how much CSF fluid do you have

A

150 ml

80
Q

How much CSF is produced per hour? per day?

A

14-35 ml per hour

800 ml per day

CNS (1 decks)

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