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Psych 202 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Forms myelin in the CNS which speeds up transmission of electrical impulses

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1
Q

Glial cells

A

Protect and assist neurons

  1. Oligodendrocytes
  2. Schwann cells
  3. Astrocytes
  4. Microglial cells
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2
Q

Schwann cells

A

Myelin sheath in PNS

nodes of Ranvier btwn sheaths

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3
Q

Astrocytes

A

Star shaped with extensions in many directions

Control blood flow to neurons and provides nutrients and removes waste from neurons

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4
Q

Microglial Cells

A

Clean up waste and sites of injury

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5
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Disorder characterized by widespread degeneration of myelin sheath

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6
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Outer covering of cerebral hemispheres, consists largely of nerve cell bodies and their branches

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7
Q

Gurus

A

Ridge or raised portion of brain surface

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8
Q

Sulcus

A

Crevice or valley on brain surface

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9
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Front part of brain

MOTOR CONTROL

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10
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Behind frontal lobe

SENSORY INTAKE

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11
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Under frontal lobe

AUDITORY INFORMATION

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12
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Behind temporal and under parietal lobes

VISION

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13
Q

Sylvian fissure

A

Between frontal lobe and temporal lobe. Horizontal

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14
Q

Central sulcus

A

Divides frontal and parietal lobes. Vertical

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15
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Main band of axons that connect the two hemispheres of the brain

16
Q

Directions

A

Sagittal plane=bisects body into two halves
Corneal plane=divides body into front and back
Horizontal plane=bisects body at torso
Dorsal=”toward or at the back”
Ventral=”toward or at the belly”
Rostral=head end
Caudal=tail end

17
Q

Grey Matter

A

Areas of brain that are dominated by cell bodies

Receives and processes information

18
Q

White Matter

A

Consists mostly of myelin-sheathed axons that lies under the grey matter
Transmits information

19
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Group of forebrain nuclei

  1. caudate nucleus
  2. putamen
  3. globus pallidus
20
Q

Limbic system

A

Group of brain nuclei that innervate each other to form a network

21
Q

Amygdaloid

A

Group of nuclei in temporal lobe

Emotion regulation

22
Q

Hippocampus

A

Medial temporal lobe structure important for learning and memory

23
Q

Thalamus

A

Brains ‘traffic cop’, directs incoming sensory info to appropriate regions of cortex for processing and receives info back from cortex to control which sensory info is transmitted.

24
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Packed with discrete nuclei involved in many vital functions like: hunger, thirst, temp regulation and sex
Brains main interface with the hormonal systems of the body

25
Q

Midbrain

A

Rostral (top) bumps called superior colliculi process VISUAL info
Caudal (lower) bumps called inferior colliculi process AUDITORY info

26
Q

Substantial Nigra

A

Brain stem structure that inner ages the basal ganglia and is the source of release of dopamine

27
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Loss of neurons (which release dopamine) in substantia nigra lead to this disease

28
Q

Cerebellum

A

Structure attached to the dorsal brainstem that is made up of 3 layers of tissue
Crucial for motor coordination and control

29
Q

Meninges

A 
Three protective membranes
1. Dura matter (outermost)
2. Pia matter (innermost)
3. Arachnoid (btwn the other two,webby) 
All surround the brain and spinal cord
30
Q

Cerebralspinal Fluid (CSF)

A

Surrounds brain and ventricles

Absorbs shock, provides nutrients and removes waste

31
Q

Ventricles

A

Filled with CSF

Lateral ventricles produce CSF by filtering blood

32
Q

Blood-Brain barrier

A

Mechanisms that make movement of substances from blood vessels to brain cells more difficult, capillaries are designed differently
Provides brain slightly more protection

33
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Portion of nervous system that includes the brain and the spine

34
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Portion of the nervous system that includes all the nerves abs neurons outside of the brain and spins, cord

35
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

No voluntary or conscious control over the actions of the organs in the body

36
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Helps prepare body for ‘fight or flight’

Consists of sympathetic ganglia and axons that lead to organs

37
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Helps prepare body to ‘rest and digest’

Arises from both brain and the sacral parts of the spinal cord

Psych 202 (1 decks)

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