Midterm 1 Flashcards
__-__ Hz for low freq modalities
fxn?
deapth of penetration
0-1,000Hz
fxn: conduction
Superficial M/N
__-__ Hz for middle freq
fxn?
deapth of penetration
1,000-10,000 Hz
fxn: conduction
deep M/N 1” deep
__-__ Hz for high freq modalities
fxn?
deapth of penetration
100,000 Hz - 1x10^10Hz
deep heat 2” penetration
__-__ Hz for ultra high freq modalities
fxn?
deapth of penetration
1x10^10 Hz
fxn: radiation and convention
superficial heat penetration
name 2 direct current modalities
LVDC
HVDC
name 3 alternating Current modalities
Faradic Wave Current (FWC)
Sine Wave current (SWC)
Square Wave Current (SQWC)
What is considered to be the best conductor in the human body?
M and tendon- made of more water
skin and bone = worst conductors
What stage do we want to control during inflammation?
vasodilation: getting the waste product out
Feq needed for vasoconstriction
use: acute
1-10 Hz: 2-5Hz will give endorphans and constriction
80-250Hz: best used for red hot acute injury
Freq needed for vasodilation
use: chronic
20-40Hz
freq used for M stim
use: chronic
40-80 Hz
Freq used for analgesic effect
80-250 Hz
use: acute
Ohms law
spastic M have more resistance due to decr tissue conductivity–> need more amp to get thru tiss
____: the intensity control on the machine
Rheostat
Joules law of thermodynamics
give the three parts
#1: Heat is directly proportional to intensity squared #2: different types of heat to different resistance • ex: there needs to be more heat for more resistant scar tiss #3: heat is directly proportional to time • ex: the longer you leave something on the hotter it gets
Arndt- Schultz law
there is a proper amt of tx for a proper condition
Grotthur- Draper law
if tissue has the correct receptors and can take the NRG it take it, if not it passes the NRG on
Vant Hoff’s Law
for every 1 degree celsius you can incr tiss temp, metabolism increases 2-3x’s
Heart rate change (law)
for every 1 deg F, will increase HR by 10bpm
____: min. voltage required to cause a stim
Rheobase
Wedensky inhibition
Middle freq (or higher): can’t cause depolarization, bc the freq is to high (to often) never leave the absolute refractory period
Reymond-DuBois Law
Can get another stim to take place on the back end of the absolute refract
• by: incr speed of e-‘s by incr the voltage
• decreases the threshold
• throws the e- in a differ. way to confuse the body
Phase: __
zero to the next zero
Pulse: ___
goes from on to off
Interval: ___
off time –> btw the pulse
Burst:___
polyphasic waves crammed together
___ is the only modality that has polarity for clinical sig.
LVDC
monophasic
exmple anode vs. cathode on a LVDC
anode: acute
* acidic
* attracts O2
* hardens and pushes inflammation out
* vasoconstricts
Cathode: chronic
- basic
- softens
- vasodilates
Pflugar’s Law
anelectrotonus: state of decr irritability of M / N
catelectrotonus: state of incr irritability of M/N
Which modality do you need to use the “5 min rule “ with
LVDC
LVDC : Freq? Voltage ? wavelength? penetration?
0 Hz
110 V
tx time = wavelength
<1in penetration
