Midterm #1 Flashcards
Paul Lazarsfeld
said media has a limited effect on viewers; however you behave after watching media, it was already in you.
Carl Hovland
tested the effects of a one-sided versus a two-sided presentation of a controversial issue.
The results contradicted arguments of totalitarian propagandists, who claimed that a communication that presents only one side of the issue will generally be successful.
Books
are idea WAREHOUSES, published infrequently, a source of inspiration, entertainment, reduce loneliness, unite people with a common interests, a source of bonding and cultural identity, inherit scientific knowledge, are very capable of mobilizing social change (books more than anything because they are less transitory).
Magazines
there’s a magazine out there to serve every unique interest, appear at regular intervals, always authored by various individuals, has advertisements, are usually nationwide, and are STOREHOUSES
3 Longest living magazines were
North American Review (died in the 1930s), Saturday Evening Post (Still going), and Youth’s Companion (died in 1927)
Muckrakers
magazines that expose the results of investigating different people or industries are called muckraking magazines, and those who write them, do investigative reporting are called muckrakers. UPTON SINCLAIR’S “The Jungle” exposed the harsh realities of the food industry.
Time Magazine
was the first modern magazine.
When TV arrived
in the 1950s, magazines folded.
Ebony Magazine
is the worlds largest black-owned publishing company
Radio
KDKA was the first commercial radio, K comes before W. K stations can be found on the west-side of the Mississippi River and W stations can be found on its east, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) created NBC Red and Blue, were forced to sale NBC Blue which later became ABC, ABC would later become CBS.
Radio threatened the newspaper industry.
Hindenburg bursting into flames was the first disaster covered by radio news
Television
decreases the time available for people to take organized action, it makes people politically apathetic
people watch TV to relax, to live vicariously through the characters they see on TV, to pat themselves on the back for being nothing like those people seen on TV.
The typical 4 year old spends more than 20 hours watching TV, while adults spend more than 30 hours.
The first TV presidential debate was between JFK and Richard Nixon
Walter Cronkite was an important CBS news anchor, is now the most trusted journalist in America.
Cable TV
subscription grew rapidly , beginning in 1970. the big 3 (CBS, NBC and CNN) networks now own 40% of cables viewers.
After the 1960s riots, Parental Guidelines (TV - PG) became necessary and established.
