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Geography 309 > Midterm #1 > Flashcards

Midterm #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

ETM Bands

A

8 bands

15m Spatial Resolution

ETM+8 0.520-0.900 (pan)

30m Spatial Resolution

ETM+1 0.45-0.515 (blue)

ETM+2 0.525-0.605 (green)

ETM+3 0.63-0.69 (red)

ETM+4 0.75-0.90 (near-IR)

ETM+5 1.55-1.75 (mid-IR)

ETM+7 2.09-2.35 (mid-IR)

60m Spatial Resolution

ETM+6 10.4-12.5 (thermal IR)

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2
Q

Types of Landsat Images (3)

A

True Color Composite

Color IR image

Standard False Color Image

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3
Q

True Color Composite (2)

A
  • a multispectral image
  • three visual primary colour bands (red, green, blue), may be combined to produce a “true colour” image.
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4
Q

Standard False Color Image

A

A common false colour composite scheme is:

R = XS3 (NIR band) - 4

G = XS2 (red band) - 3

B = XS1 (green band) - 2

The false colour composite scheme allows vegetation to be detected readily in the image

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5
Q

Panchromatic Image (3)

A
  • only one band.
  • displayed as a grey scale image with a higher spatial resolution.
  • may be similarly interpreted as a black-and-white aerial photograph of the area.
  • Can be combined with lower resolution bands to create a pan-sharpened image
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6
Q

pan-sharpened image

A

process of merging high-resolution panchromatic and lower resolution multispectral imagery to create a single high-resolution color image.

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7
Q

MSS

A

Multispectral Scanner

4 Bands

80m Spatial Res.

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8
Q

TM

A

Thematic Mapper

7 Bands

30m Spatial Res.

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9
Q

ETM

A

Enhanced Thematic Mapper

7 Bands + 1

30m + 15m Spatial Res.

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10
Q

IKONOS

A

1m Spatial Res.

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11
Q

Quickbird

A

2.44m + 0.6m Spatial Res.

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12
Q

Worldview

A

0.5m Spatial Res.

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13
Q

Quickbird Bands (True & False Color)

A

True Color

Band 1 - Blue

Band 2 - Green

Band 3 - Red

False Color

Band 2 - Blue

Band 3 - Green

Band 4 - Red

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14
Q

Band (3)

A
  • range of wavelength
  • spectral region
  • channel
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15
Q

What is Color (2)

A
  • reflection of light
  • specific wavelengths observed that are reflected by an object
    ie: light (an electromagnetic wave) in the visible spectrum
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16
Q

How to Automatically Detect & Distinguish b/w grass & trees? (4)

A
  • color (most common)
  • height (shadow, RADAR, lasers)
  • temperature
  • texture
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17
Q

What gives plants its reflective properties?

A

Chlorophyl in plants has an affection in NIR bands

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18
Q

What is a fundamental premise in remote sensing?**

A

is that we can identify & learn about objects and features on the Earths surface by studying the spectral characteristics of the radiation reflected (and/or emitted) by these features

  • Interprit images based on colors etc.
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19
Q

4 types of Resolution

A

Spatial

Spectral

Temporal

Radiometric

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20
Q

How do we interpret Images? (7)

A
  • color
  • shape
  • size
  • pattern
  • texture
  • shadow
  • site or association
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21
Q

metadata

A

data about the data

ie: when it was collected, where it was collected etc.

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22
Q

layout view

A

add titles, scales, name etc.

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23
Q

UTM

A

universal transverse mercator

  • the most common coordinate system
  • Zone Eastings Northings
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24
Q

Spatial Resolution

A

the size of each pixel

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25
Q

Spectral Resolution

A

of bands

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26
Q

Temporal Resolution

A

Time it takes to take another image from same spot

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27
Q

Radiometric Resolution

A
  • its ability to discriminate very slight differences in energy
  • The finer the radiometric resolution of a sensor, the more sensitive it is to detecting small differences in reflected or emitted energy
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28
Q

Overhead view - Advantages (2)

A
  • easy to measure distance
  • can see over a large area without obstruction from topography
29
Q

Overhead View - Disadvantages (4)

A
  • interference from atmosphere
  • limited by cloud cover
  • limited by resolution
  • trees get in the way if looking at ground cover
30
Q

Ways remote sensing images differ from maps (2)

A
  • remote sensing images give us different information (ie: healthy vegetation)
  • different uses (maps give us different information as well ie: contour lines, more titles and labels)
31
Q

Common applications for Remote Sensing Images (4)

A
  • land use
  • vegetation health
  • topography
  • structures
32
Q

Applications - Quickbird vs Landsat

A
  • Quickbird for resolution
  • Landsat for different Bands
33
Q

Position wavelengths in order (7)

A

UV, B, G, R, N/R, thermal, microwave

34
Q

Why do we see different colors? (2)

A
  • reflection of light at different wave lengths
  • b/c the way light is reflected & absorbed through different wavelengths in the visible spectrum
35
Q

Band

A
  • a set region of wavelengths
36
Q

Spectral Reflectance

A
  • the difference in wavelength that is reflectance
  • Spectral Signature = fingerprint
37
Q

Spectral Reflectance Curve

A

graph of spectral reflectance (plot one!!)

38
Q

what color is healthy, green vegetation in false color?

A

red, pink

  • because chlorophyll in healthy green vegetation has a strong NIR reflectance and in false color it is red
39
Q

Why is the sky blue?

A

water molecules in atmosphere reflect blue wavelengths more than any other wavelengths and green and red ones pass right by

40
Q

What is a fundamental premise of remote sensing?

A
  • we identify features on the Earth’s surface by studying the spectral characteristics of the radiation that is reflected by these features

OR

  • we can identify & learn about objects & features on the Earths surface by studying the spectral characteristics of the radiation reflected (and/or emitted) by these features
41
Q

Why is Band 6 much fuzzier? (3)

A
  • lower spatial resolution
  • thermal band
  • picks up heat & energy emitted from earths features
42
Q

Why is temporal resolution different?

A
  • swath distance (able to tilt sensors)
  • most new satellites can tilt
  • aperture
43
Q

Why are the orbits of resource satellites sun synchronous?

A
  • see the reflectance in daytime (light)
  • images acquired @ the same time for consistent data for comparison with past results
44
Q

Near polar orbit

A
  • for imaging all of the earth (progresses westward)
  • has a large temporal resolution
  • 600-800km altitude
  • take data in the morning due to less cloud cover
45
Q

Geostationary Orbit

A
  • an orbit that is synchronized with the rotation of the earth in order to collect constant data of a specific area
  • ~3600km altitude
46
Q

Digital Image Analysis

A
  1. Image correction: geometric correction
  2. Image Enhancement: contrast enhancement
  3. **Image classification: **supervised/unsupervised
47
Q

Classification

A
  1. similiar features will have similiar spectral responses
  2. different features will have different (unique) spectral responses
48
Q

square kilometers (pixel area)

A

ex: 30m resolution

# of pixels X 30m X 30m ==> whatever answer is

   1,000,000m<sup>2</sup>
49
Q

HRG (SPOT)

A

High resolution Geometric

50
Q

Is it possible to create a true color composite of SPOT HRG data?

A

No, the HRG lacks a blue band

51
Q

Is it possible to create a colour IR composite of SPOT HRG data?

A

No it is not

52
Q

State Satellite corresponding:

MSS

A

Landsat 1-6

53
Q

State Satellite corresponding:

ETM+

A

Landsat 7

54
Q

State Satellite corresponding:

Quickbird

A

Quickbird

55
Q

State Satellite corresponding:

Aster

A

Terra

56
Q

State Satellite corresponding:

OSA

A

IKONOS

57
Q

OSA

A

Optical Sensor Assembly

58
Q

General Application of Landsat 1-6

A
  • collect data over a variety of differetn wavelengths
  • Land-use planning
59
Q

General Application of Landsat 7

A

used to map natural changes on earth such as natural disasters, mineral exploration or deforestation

60
Q

General Application of Quickbird

A

Oil & gas exploration

61
Q

General Application of Aster

A

producing stero imagery for creating detailed digital terrain models (DTMs)

62
Q

General Application of OSA

A

GIS imagery due to 1m spatial res.

63
Q

wavelengths shorter than ____ are absorbed by atmospheric ozone

A

0.3 µm

64
Q

is it possible to use the UV spectrum in remote sensing?

A

yes, but it is rare

65
Q

______ can work in microwave part of spectrum

A

RADAR

66
Q

we call each color layer in a remote sensing image a ______ or a _______

A

channel

spectral band

67
Q

Remote sensing can detect radiation in as few as ____ band(s) or more than ____ bands

A

1

200

68
Q
A

Geography 309 (2 decks)

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