Midterm 1 Flashcards
What does HCI stand for
Human-Centered Interaction
What are the 6 usability goals? (short)
1) Safety
2) Utility
3) Learnability
4) Memorability
5) Efficiency
6) Effectiveness
What are the 6 usability goals? (textbook)
1) Effective to use
2) Efficient to use
3) Safe to use
4) Have good utility
5) Easy to learn
6) Easy to remember how to use
What is HCI? (definition)
the study of interaction between people and computers
What are the 6 Design principles
Discovery Affordance Signifiers Feedback Constraints Mapping Conceptual Model
What are the 5 Gestalt Principles
Symmetry Continuity Similarity Proximity Closure
What does Proximity mean?
Grouping by distance or location
What does Similarity mean?
Grouping by type
What do Symmetry mean?
Grouping by meaning
What does Continuity mean?
Grouping by flow of lines (alignment)
What does Closure mean?
Perceiving shapes that are not completely there.
What are the three Constructivism theories
We filter information
Context plays a role
Figure and Ground
What does conceptual models allows the user to do?
Understand, predict, and interpret
What is the relation between the Developer, System, and User?
Developer has Developer model and creates System model
User gets User model from System model
What is figure and ground?
Figure is the foreground (positive space)
Ground is the background (negative space)
What is mind set?
Factors that we know and bring to a situation
What are the three basics we need to know about humans?
Perception, Cognition, Memory
What is an interface metaphor?
Relate interface concept to physical entity
Develop model similar aspects, but different behaviour and properties.
What is the basic goal for HCI?
improve interaction between user and computers, by making computers more user-friendly and easier to use
What is Usability?
Interface can be operated with ease, efficiently and without danger
What is Appeal
Interface is attractive, engaging, fun – People want to use it and do use it.
What is Intuitive
interface which allows a user to draw information that he/she requires in a manner that is natural and immediately understandable
What are the 4 benefits of HCI?
Gaining a competitive edge
Reducing development and maintenance costs
Improving productivity
Lowering support costs
What are the 4 things safety aspects?
Prevention of Errors
Data Recovery
Security
Privacy
What are the two types of design specializations?
Interaction Design (Usability) - computer systems Experience Design (enjoyment, emotional impact)
What is Discoverability?
discovering:
what a product does
how it works
what operations are possible
What does affordance mean? Example
How the object can be used.
ex. scissors AFFORD cutting
What is percieved affordance? Example
Affordances that can be figured out by us through our sense.
ex. trees can be climbed
What is Ambiguous percieved affordance?
presenting an object with perceived affordance, but does not actually exist.
ex. glass
What is anti-affordances?
an object cannot be used for something. Does not afford.
Ex. We can’t walk or pass objects through a glass
What are the two types of signifiers?
Unintentional: thumbprint/ trial in snow/bookmark
Intentional: push/pull signs on a door
What are the two types of feedback?
Acknowledgement: sound, highlighting, animation; click sound when you click on button
Reporting: light comes on when we flick switch
What are the two types of mappings?
Mapping to Spatial correspondence
Mapping to Culture (or conceptual model)
What are the two types of contraints? example.
Physical: eg. key into a lock/ 3 prong plug
Cultural: red for stop, green for go/ red triangle for warning
