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World Of Greece > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Hissarlik

A

Found by Schliemann, believed to be Troy

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1
Q

Bronze Age

A

When bronze was primary weapons material, 1600-1100 BCE

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2
Q

Minoan

A

Civilization that flourished in Bronze Age, arose on Crete, king Minos

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3
Q

Crete

A

Naval Power, island, Knossos major city/palace (home of Minos). Fell when Knossos fell around 1400.

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4
Q

Knossos

A

Major palace settlement on Crete, potential labyrinth

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5
Q

Linear A

A

Writing System in Minoan culture

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6
Q

Mycenean culture

A

After Minoan, in Crete and mainland, organized around walled palaces, tomb structure found in troezen. Suspected remains in Athens and Thebes

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7
Q

Megaron

A

Center of citadel, building with large roof and pillars

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8
Q

Tholos tomb

A

Rounded building with paved walkway, relieving triangle, like a beehive

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9
Q

Lion gate

A

Main entrance of citadel, relieving triangle with lions

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10
Q

Linear B

A

Written language in Mycenaean culture

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11
Q

Ventris

A

Deciphered Linear B

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12
Q

Troy

A

Major Mycenaean city fell around 1184

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13
Q

Homer

A

Perhaps many people, blind Rhapsode. Odyssey and Iliad only surviving poems from Trojan Cycle

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14
Q

Thetis

A

Wed Peleus, Eris not invited so she threw apple of discord

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15
Q

Apple of Discord

A

Thrown by Eris

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16
Q

Judgment of Paris

A

When Apple of discord was thrown in Zeus picked Paris to pick the fairest

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17
Q

Priam

A

King of Troy

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18
Q

Helen

A

Of Troy, kidnapped by Paris (son of Priam)

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19
Q

Menelaus

A

Of Sparta, wins Helen

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20
Q

Agamemnon

A

Warrior who led Greeks to Troy

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21
Q

Kleos

A

reputation of fame, only part of human that survives after death

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22
Q

Muse

A

Minor goddess of memory, helps Rhapsodes tell stories

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23
Q

Diomedes

A

Great warrior in battle of Troy, Athena lifted must from his eyes to attack Aphrodite

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24
Q

Aeneas

A

Son of Aphrodite, almost dead in battle

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25
Q

Hector

A

Trojan who begs Athena for help in battle (mother is Hecuba)

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26
Q

Andromache

A

Wife of Hector

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27
Q

Nestor

A

Advises reconciliation between Agamemnon and Achilles

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28
Q

Embassy

A

Where people negotiate with Achilles

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29
Q

Hubris

A

Demands too much, thinks you can do anything

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30
Q

Patroclus

A

Achilles’ side, the one who dons Achilles’ armor

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31
Q

Ajax (the greater)

A

Only greek hero left standing

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32
Q

Achilles

A

Great Greek hero, arguing with Agamemnon so not fighting

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33
Q

Sarpedon

A

Rallied Lycians to fight with Trojans, fated to die (Zeus almost overrides)

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34
Q

Hector

A

Trojan who helps to kill Patroclus

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35
Q

Ecphrasis

A

A set scene that stops the action

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36
Q

Shield of Achilles

A

Made by Haphaestus, super rad. Fields of peace, scenes of everyday life etc

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37
Q

Theomacy

A

Battle of Gods (comic relief from humans dying)

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38
Q

Andromache

A

Hector’s wife, hears wail when Hector dies

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39
Q

Telemachus

A

Son of Odysseus

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40
Q

Telemachy

A

First books of Odyssey

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41
Q

Penelope

A

Odysseus’ wife

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42
Q

Nestor

A

Entertains Telemachus but can’t answer questions

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43
Q

Pylos

A

Where Nestor lives

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44
Q

guest-friendship

A

When someone hosts you and vice versa

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45
Q

Sparta

A

Where Helen and Menelaus are

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46
Q

Nepenthe

A

Drug of forgetfulness

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47
Q

Proteus

A

Old man of the sea

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48
Q

Calypso

A

Magician

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49
Q

Phaeacians

A

Mystical land where Odysseus meets Nausicaa

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50
Q

Alcinuous and Arete

A

Rulers of Phaecia

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51
Q

Demodacus

A

Highly-esteemed bard

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52
Q

Lotus-Eaters

A

People eat lotus and forget

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53
Q

Polyphemus

A

Leader of Cyclopes

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54
Q

Aeolus

A

King of the winds

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55
Q

Circe

A

Minor goddess/witch who turns men to animals

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56
Q

Moly

A

Antidote against Circe’s Magic

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57
Q

Land of the Dead

A

Potentially in underworld, where dead souls go (good and bad parts)

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58
Q

Tiresias

A

Prophet Odysseus needs his advice to get back to Ithaca

59
Q

Sirens

A

Beckon to men, temptation for Odysseus because he’s curious

60
Q

Scylla

A

Multi-headed beast

61
Q

Charybdis

A

Swallows and spits out sea

62
Q

Cattle of Helios

A

Sacred cattle of sun god

63
Q

Cretan tales

A

Odysseus’ lies to Athena

64
Q

Eumaeus

A

Odysseus’ swineherd

65
Q

Homonoia

A

Like-mindedness

66
Q

Eurycleia

A

Old maid of Odysseus who recognizes him from scar

67
Q

Laertes

A

Odysseus’ father who kind of disappears when Odysseus does

68
Q

Dark Age

A

1150-750 BCE. Decline in trade and arts, disappearance of writing. Rise of Assyrian Empire lead to Phoenician traders and spurring trade

69
Q

Archaic Perios

A

750-500 BCE, ‘modern’ time, comes from word for beginning

70
Q

Lefkandi

A

Town in Euboea where gravesite with monuments, potentially Patroclus’

71
Q

Hesiod

A

Real person, first known poet

72
Q

Theogony

A

Origin of universe

73
Q

Works and Days

A

Poetry by Hesiod on farming and agriculture, metaphor directed at Perses

74
Q

Oligarchy

A

Ruled by fee

75
Q

Oligarchy

A

Ruled by few

76
Q

Tyrant

A

Noble who is very influential

77
Q

Panathenaia

A

Competition every 4 years

78
Q

Acropolis

A

A citadel

79
Q

Colonization

A

Organized groups of settlers in apoikias (colonies) set out from mother city. Meddling with other cities’ colonies eventually caused wars. Colonies meant more places to trade

80
Q

Mother city

A

Metropolis

81
Q

Magna Grecia

A

Great Greece (settled part in southern Italy)

82
Q

Alphabet

A

Linear B disappeared in Mycenaen, appears in pottery 750-700. Introduced by wandering Phoenecian prince. Took Phoenecian alphabet and added vowels

83
Q

Variants in Alphabet

A

Caused by dialects

84
Q

Polis

A

City and surroundings

85
Q

Argos

A

Ruled by Agamemnon, 1st city to use coins

86
Q

Thebes

A

Tried to dominate confederacy of states

87
Q

Corinth

A

Leading naval power with pottery exports, money made on ship transfers

88
Q

Sparta

A

Athens’ rival, ruled by kings, militaristic

89
Q

Athens

A

Claim domination, made up of Atticans,

90
Q

Draco

A

Draconian period, wrote first legal code in response to Cyclon the failed tyrant

91
Q

Solon

A

Social reform, written laws, abolition of debt-slavery

92
Q

Photo-geometric period

A

Light colors, precise patterns done in potter’s wheel or with compass. With time get more decorative and play with relationship between light and dark

93
Q

Geometric period

A

Vertical detail, esp. Meander. Sculpted animals, could tell artists’ hands apart, sick figure humans. Repetition and harmony

94
Q

Meander

A

Greek pattern associated with Greece today

95
Q

Orientalizing

A

900-700. Eastern Mediterranean. Tall and slender cases, fantastic animals, symmetry, fluid motifs, outline drawing. Porto-attic from Athens and Porto-Corinthian

96
Q

Proto-attic

A

Reddish orange, little looser and not mass produced. Featured mythology

97
Q

Proto-Corinthian

A

Yellowish, used for export because it showed up elsewhere. Mass produced and repetitive

98
Q

Black figure cases

A
  1. More realistic people, scenes with people. Dedication and signatures. Painted with slips then kilned. Women done in white
99
Q

François vase

A

570-525. Scenes from mythology

100
Q

Krater

A

Large vase to mix wine and water

101
Q

Red figure vases

A
  1. Brushes were used, slip created tone variations. Euthimides and Euphronius vases
102
Q

Kore

A

Stone sculptures of young women. Origin in Crete

103
Q

Kouros

A

Free standing nudes of young men originally in Egypt

104
Q

Daedalus style of korai

A

Static with wig hair, carved and painted. Primary colors and brown. Offering votives

105
Q

Archaic smile

A

Korai with bone structure in face. Smile due to how stone was produced

106
Q

Symposium

A

Private drinking party for upperclass with entertainment

107
Q

Hetairia

A

Social club with similar views like country club

108
Q

Alcaeus

A

Poet with ship of state metaphor. His poetry not his political views have been immortalized.

109
Q

Pedastery

A

Institution of mentor ship program within a hetairia to induct young men at puberty. Sometimes sexual.

110
Q

Lyric poetry

A

Accompanied by lyre.

111
Q

Monodony

A

Some by one person.

112
Q

Choral poetry

A

Son by groups for festivals, also includes dancing to fit occasion. Even gods indulge in choral poetry(Muses depicted singing, mentioned in Iliad in Achilles shield)

113
Q

Priamel

A

Poem in which a poet runs through many possibilities, only to settle on a certain subject/conceit.

114
Q

Solon

A

Statesman of Athens who wrote mostly Eligaic and iambic poetry

115
Q

Bacchylides

A

Poet from Ceos

116
Q

Dithyramb

A

Choral genre, informal party song. Sometimes song honoring Dionysius. Other times son by male chorus in competition. Tell story has an element of narrative. Interacts with characters. Bacchalides=birth of tragedy.

117
Q

Temples

A

Building with peaked roof and pillars, dedicated to a God. People would make offerings here

118
Q

Pediment

A

The end of the temples roof

119
Q

Naos

A

The chamber of the temple

120
Q

Peristyle

A

Surrounding colonnade. Columns surrounding. Described by number of columns.

121
Q

Doric order

A

Plain, heavy, squat, more masculine. Found in Greek mainland and magna grecia. Rounded molding into square slab on to

122
Q

Triglyph

A

Three vertical bands running up frieze

123
Q

Metope

A

Space between triglyphs

124
Q

Ionic

A

Ornamented light and feminine. Tall slender columns on curved base. Eight times higher than width

125
Q

Volute

A

Scroll type structure on column in Doric

126
Q

Siphnian treasury

A

At delphi. Ionic frieze with statues

127
Q

Olympic Games

A

Started in Olympia in 776

128
Q

Panhellenic

A

Open to all Greeks (Olympics)

129
Q

Olympiad

A

4 year program that starts with Olympics.

130
Q

Pentathlon

A

Discus, javelin, long jump, wrestling, running

131
Q

Pankration

A

Wrestling on ground.

132
Q

Pythian competition

A

In Delphi in third year of Olympiad to honor apollo. Laurel wreath

133
Q

Isthmian

A

In Corinth for Poseidon. Celery wreath.

134
Q

Nemean

A

Honoring dead child

135
Q

Panathenaic

A

In Athens to honor Athena prize of amphora with olive oil

136
Q

Epinician poetry

A

Celebrating athletes achievements.

137
Q

Pindar

A

Wrote for at least 52 years, all we have is his words, not music or choreography. Poems have achieved goals. Poems bring kleos

138
Q

Writing system of Minoan culture

A

Linear A

139
Q

Philosophy

A

The love of wisdom; speculation

140
Q

Pre-Socratics

A

Philosophers in the 6th and 5th centuries before Socrates

141
Q

Thales

A

Of Miletus, stereotypical wiseman. 1st in Europe to say everything comes from water

142
Q

Anaximander

A

The infinite principle, where a point can perpetually give birth to whatever will be

143
Q

Anaximenes

A

Everything comes down to air. Rarefaction and condensation

144
Q

Pythagoras

A

Metempsychosis (reincarnation). As animal or bean

145
Q

Heraclitus

A

Difficult to understand, things change constantly (can’t step into a river twice)

146
Q

Parmenides

A

This is an illusion. Most likely to give headache. No change in the universe

World Of Greece (1 decks)

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