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ASCI 340 Animal Welfare and Ethnics > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

Week 1-4

1
Q

what is animal welfare?

A
  • an official order of science driven by the needs and believes of society
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2
Q

why is animal welfare so complex?

A
  • people perceptions about animals change overtime
  • not all people share the same beliefs and values
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3
Q

what is a mandate?

A

an official order to fix or explore a concerns that society has decided was important

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4
Q

Moby Doll

A
  • the second orca ever captured and displayed in a public aquarium
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5
Q

what did people realize with moby doll?

A
  • it demonstrated a huge public interest which brought in money
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6
Q

what year did seaworld agree to end the captive orca breeding program?

A

2016

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7
Q

Animal Welfare is mandated science and is driven by what?

A

the needs and beliefs of society

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8
Q

has people’s perception about animal change over time?

A

yes, the most dramatic changes have happened in the last 50 years.

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9
Q

do people share the same values and beliefs about animal welfare?

A

no

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10
Q

how are animal welfare issues addressed?

A

the field takes on a multidisciplinary approach

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11
Q

what is the petrie papyri?

A

one of the oldest papyrus referred to veterinary diseases
- one of the first connections between animal behavior and health

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12
Q

what were the values of ancient greece (300 BC to 300 AD) ?

A

the nature of the animal influences the way people treated animals

ex: influences the way people treat animals

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13
Q

what were the values of europe (18/19th century)?

A

the nature of people is reflective of the way people treat animals

ex: reflection of moral character based on the treatment of animals

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14
Q

what were the concepts revolved about how animals ought to be viewed/treated?

A
  • kinship
  • rationality
  • capacity to suffer
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15
Q

what is kinship?

A

“animals share with us the privilege of having a soul” - pythagoras

physical and spiritual similarities between human and animal

:the relationship between people who are related

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16
Q

what were pythagoras believes around animals?

A
  • rejected the idea of killing animals for food or religious reasons
  • strongest kinship towards animals
  • animals also reincarnated
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17
Q

what was rationality?

A
  • thinking in a logical way
  • understanding the consequences of one actions
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18
Q

what was a common belief during ancient greece for those who require moral concern?

A

only those that are rational beings are those that require moral concern

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19
Q

did Aristotle believe animals had the capacity to be rational?

A

no, he didn’t believe animals had the capacity to be rational like humans and did not require human justice and moral concerns

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20
Q

where does the concept of justice fit?

A

justice can be an agreement between different people to avoid causing harm to one another

  • human justice or different type of justice
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21
Q

what about rational is it important for aniamls?

A
  • understanding of consequences of ones actions
  • actions that result in improvement/ better rather than worse off.
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22
Q

what is the capacity for suffering ?

A
  • animals have the capacity to feel distress, pain, fear, which is why they deserve moral consideration
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23
Q

what where the 18/19 century europe focused on the well being?

A
  • more focus on human virtue and moral progress than on the animal nature itself
  • poor treatment of animals reflected a moral failing on the part of the human
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24
Q

what were the four stages of cruelty?

A

it showed the immoral treatment of animals at the time and the consequences for the immoral activity

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25
describe the four stages of cruelty.
second stage: abuse towards animals intensity third stage: callousness towards aniamals created callous towards people = Nero murders another fourth stage: nero is convicted of murder and is humiliated on the dissection table.
26
example of kinship?
a goat cry and baby cry sound the same
27
example of rational?
the crow and the pitcher
28
how was queen victoria involved in animal welfare?
created RSPCA royal society for the prevention of cruelty to animals
29
what were the four important modes thought in Western Culture?
pastoralism agrarianism romanticism industrialism
30
what were the core elements of pastoralism?
animals are not equal to man, but are mere objects either domesticated animals need to be owned, traded, or used for human purposes having an animal means taking care of that animal
31
examples of pastoralism
maasail pastorlist in East Africa mongolia pastorlist
32
what were the core elements of agrarianism?
production of food for family and urban communities agriculture is among the noblest of occupations living close to land brings best in human-kind
33
example of agrarianism
amish community
34
what were the core elements of romanticism?
animals become the main character of artwork rather than an accessory to the human art importance was given to the natural and simple life having an ordinary life was valuable and beautiful focused on emotion
35
what are the romanticism view of animals?
animals are fellow beingd possessing individuality, emotional, and experiential lives
36
what were the core elements of industrialim?
nature is imperfect used science and technology and commerce to improve progress is a main goal main goal was productivity (maximization) a healthy animals = productive animals (more money/product)
37
what does singer believe is "equality"?
not equal or identical treatment, it requires equal consideration
38
what does singer argues in favor of?
the equal consideration of interest of all sentient being
39
according to singer, ________ that gives a being the right to equal consideration
capacity for suffering is the essential characteristic
40
how does Singer approach ethics?
from a utilitarian perspective -promoting happiness (minimizes suffering), and that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principle of conduct.
41
what is speciesism?
a bias in favor of the interests of members of one's own species and against those of members of other species ex: eating cows/pigs not cats/dogs drinking cow milk instead of dog milk killing ants without thinking/ feel horrible about killing a dog
42
which philosophers would be vegetarian?
singer and regan
43
which philosopher thinks everyone should be vegetarians?
tom regan
44
according to peta, animal rights are?
just like human rights they are not our food, clothing, entertainment, or experimentation
45
what are tom regan key ideas?
- non human aniamls are "subjects of a life" - aniamls have a life that matters to them - individuals worth is not based on how to benefit from them -unable to see independent value is immorally and a violation of their rights
46
what is contractarianism based on?
the idea that the morality is set of rules that individuals voluntarily agree to abide by
47
Regan claims that his animal rights view is ultimately rooted in...
reason emotion
48
what critiques does rollins find in singer and regan arguments?
there are aspects important to an animal other than avoidance of pain and suffering
49
what does telos refers to?
the nature of the animal ex: creating feeding opportunities to allow animals to express their natures
50
what can animals do in order to pursuit telos
inflect personal harm on themselves
51
rollins most align with the philosopher
aristotle
52
should there be limits to our application of telos?
yes accommodating one aspect while ignoring another (avoiding pain/distress) is not improving overall welfare
53
what are rollin beliefs?
- animals should live happy lives consistent with their natures - loss of respect for telos (due to industrialism) creates major issues for farm animal welfare
54
what is social consensus ethic ?
society established an agreement off rules about rightness and wrongness of actions which has an impact on animal use, laws, and policies
55
what does leopold mean by "think like a mountain"?
we must appreciate the great connection of all elements in an ecosystem rather than think of ourselves as isolated individuals
56
the land pyramid from top to bottom
carnivorous omnivores herbivores insects plants soil
57
what are leopold three phases in evolution of eithnics?
relations between individuals relations between individuals and society relations between individuals and nature
58
how does leopold describes ethics?
a process of ecological evolution
59
what would singer say is good animal welfare?
a life without pain or suffering
60
what would regan say is good animal welfare?
allowing for the animal to live its own life without human influence
61
what would rollin say is good animal welfare?
when animals are able to live according to their nature
62
what would leopold say is good animal welfare?
living in healthy balance with the rest of the natural world
63
what are the five freedom
freedom from -hunger or thirst -discomfort (environment) -pain, injury, disease (physical pain) - expressing normal behavior - fear and distress (mental pain)
64
basic health and functioning?
- food water and shelter provided - maintaining good health and production
65
natural living?
- ability to express natural behaviors - reasonably "natural" lives
66
affective state?
minimizing negative subjective states providing opportunity for positive subjective states

ASCI 340 Animal Welfare and Ethnics (4 decks)

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