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Roman Civilization > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the regal period?

A

753-509 BCE

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2
Q

When was Rome founded?

A

21 April 753 BCE

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3
Q

when was the stone wall built around the base of Palantine Hill?

A

750-725 BCE

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4
Q

What dates are encompassed in the Republic period?

A

509-31 BCE

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5
Q

Who is Paris?

A

Prince and shepherd, he decides who gets the golden apple

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6
Q

What is the setting of the wedding and golden apple?

A

Peleus and Thetis (Achilles parents) decide to have a wedding and invite the gods.

Discordia/Eris the goddess of strife is not invited and gets upset so she creates a golden apple inscribed with the fairest

Juno(hera), Minerva (athena) and Venus claim the apple each believing themselves the fairest

Paris a human prince is appointed to decide who deserves the apple. It is delivered to him on Mt. Ida by Hermes (Mercury)

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7
Q

How does Paris make his decision about the apple?

A

Each goddess offers him a bribe
- Juno power and domination
- Minerva unmatched wisdom and battle prowess
- Venus the love of Helen of sparta (most beautiful woman)

Paris Awards the apple to venus and Helen falls in love with Paris, however Helen is already married to the king of Sparta Menelaus

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8
Q

What happens between Helen and Paris?

A

Venus and Paris abduct Helen

This results in the trojan war

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9
Q

Who led the Greeks in the trojan war?

A

Menelaus (helens husband) gathers greek forces and Agamemnon leads them

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10
Q

Who led the Trojans?

A

Paris’s brother Hector lead the Trojans

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11
Q

What happened in the Trojan war?

A

The Greeks besieged Troy for 10 years and got nowhere

They pretended to retreat leaving the Trojan horse as a gift. The Trojans fall for the ploy and Troy is sacked by the Greeks hidden in the horse

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12
Q

What are the main differences between latin and english?

A

No capitals
No punctuation or spaces

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13
Q

Explain the three parts of a roman name

A

Praenomina (first names)
Nomin (family name)
Cognomen (denotes branch families or connections to significant events)

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14
Q

What is the fourth part of a name that was sometimes included?

A

Filius - denotes an individuals lineage or tribe

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15
Q

How did women naming differ from men?

A

Woman take the feminine form of their fathers nomin
e.g. cornelius -> cornelia

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16
Q

Explain how slave naming differed

A

Slaves had only one name and if they became free their praenomen and nomen became their masters and their cognomen was their og name

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17
Q

Who were Barbari (barbarians)?

A

People who are incapable of speaking Greek or Latin

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18
Q

What are the three types of citizens?

A

Servi (slaves)
Liberti (freedmen/freedwomen)
Ingenui (freeborn)

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19
Q

What are the two political classes?

A

Patricians (the elite) whose names could denote class
Plebians (the common people)

This system was abolished as time progressed due to economic mobility

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20
Q

Explain soldiers class?

A

Soldiers had a moderately prestigious role in roman society
Since they were responsible for purchasing and maintaining their own equipment the poor were less likely to be soldiers

21
Q

Cavalry/Equestrian class?

A

Seen as an elite class within the military since they owned horses and could afford better equipment

Equities described the class originally but later became associated with a broader social class of wealthy

needed 400,000 sesterces minimum to be a eques

Equestrians were often involved in business trade or financial ventures which senators were prohibited from engaging in

22
Q

What is Novus Homo?

A

one has to be a quaestor to be in the senatorial order

Novus homo -> new man which involves giving up business and investing in land to become involved in politics

23
Q

What is the Patronage System?

A

Clients -> lower status people who had support from a patron
Patroni -> wealthy or influential figures who provided protection, financial support and career opportunities to their clients

Mid-level patroni for a low level client could be a client for a high-level patroni

24
Q

Name the 4 people who escaped troy on ships

A

Aenas (father)
Ascanius (son)
Anchises Palladium (grandfather)
Creusa (wife)

25
Q

What does Aenas do after he escapes?

A

Lands off the coast of Italy (Latium)

Aeneas meets Latinus the king and helps him conquer his opponents

Latinus offers his daughters hand to Aeneas in return

Aeneas builds a city for his new wife Lavinia called Lavinium

26
Q

Who is Numitor?

A

The good king who is twins with the Evil Amulius

he is exiled by Amulius who becomes the 13 king

Numitor eventually returns and becomes the 14 king

27
Q

What happens shortly after Romulus and Remus’s birth?

A

Amulius doesn’t want Numitor to have descendents, desires to drown the twins in the Tiber river
- his men can’t do it and leave the children beside the river

Romulus and Remus are nursed by a she-wolf and found by a shepherd who raises them (Faustulus)

28
Q

Who is Rhea Silvia and what is her story?

A

Daughter of Numitor, she is coerced by Amulius to be a virgin so Numitor’s line cannot continue

Mars has sexual relations with her causing her to birth Romulus and Remus

29
Q

What happens when Romulus and Remus grow up?

A

18 they realize they are better than everyone and are the lost twins

Twins march to Alba Longa along with Numitor and kill amulius

Numitor is restored as king

30
Q

How is Rome founded by the twins

A

Romulus and Remus found twin cities on the river where they were left
- Palantine, Romulus
- Aventine, Remus
A sacred boundary called the Pomerium separates the two cities

Romulus has a bigger and better city and Remus is envious so he disturbs the sacred wall

him crossing the wall nulified its divine protection so Romulus kills remus to restore the protection and names the combined cities Rome

31
Q

What river does rome reside beside

A

The southeastern side of Tiber river

32
Q

What are the 7 major hilltops in Rome?

A

Palantine, Aventine, Capitoline, Quirnal, Viminal, Esquiline, Caelian

33
Q

Geographical Advantages to Latium Rome location

A
  1. Defensible, flat area surrounded by mountainous and volcanic terrain
  2. Good water supply from Tiber
  3. Access to the sea and inland through terrain
  4. Lots of Timber, Stone and Metal
34
Q

Explain all the ways one could become a roman slave

A
  1. prisoner of war (most common)
  2. slavery as a punishment
  3. sold as a child because ur family cannot support you
  4. child to a slave
35
Q

What is Peculium?

A

The law dictating that each slave must be given an allowance and can buy themselves free
- only given to adult men

36
Q

Why were greek slaves sought out?

A

because they were highly educated in comparison to other places
- slaves could be doctors, accountants…

37
Q

What is a Paedagogi?

A

A slave that is a tutor and teacher

38
Q

What is a Latifundia

A

An estate or land that has a high number of slaves (normally 10000+)
- if the latifundia had really poor conditions like siciliy for mining or agriculture a revolt could occur

39
Q

Who was Spartacus?

A

A thracian gladiator who was sold into slavery and led a slave revolt. 70-123k slaves revolted

40
Q

What is Manumissio?

A

Emancipation -> process of a slave becoming a citizen
ceremony was called the Manumit

41
Q

What was the rape of the sabine women?

A

Rome was lacking women and as such the future was uncertain. To make up for this king propositioned the surrounding areas for their women to marry roman men. They were declined so they created a plan to fake a festival and got the Sabines to invite women and children. The roman’s kidnapped and assualted the women and forced them to become their wives. Obviously the sabines weren’t happy and marched to siege Roma but the women intervened and prevented the war. From then on most of the Sabine people were integrated into Rome

42
Q

The structure of the Roman King

A

King ruled alongside 2 elected consuls but had veto power

43
Q

When and Why did Rome topple the monarchy

A

The grandson of the prince rapes a girl named Lucretia. Her brother and his friend are furious as this is the straw the broke the camels back about the monarchy. He rallies a massive army and deposes the king creating a republic in 510 BC

44
Q

What is the Captoline Temple?

A

Largest temple in the ancient world it was inaugurated on 13 september 507 BC

45
Q

Who made up the Captoline Triad

A

Jupiter - Zeus
Juno - Hera
Minerva - Athena

46
Q

Who Is Horatius Cocles?

A

A man who vowed to hold off the Etruscan army along with his 3 friends, they destroyed the romans only bridge over the tiber allowing the roman army to retreat into the city. He escapes by jumping in the river and surviving

47
Q
A
48
Q
A

Roman Civilization (1 decks)

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