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Nursing 101 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Phenomenology

A

UFV: the understanding of the nature and meaning of lived experiences.
Potter&Perry: lived experience of a specific phenomenon from the perspective of the people who are in the situation

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2
Q

How does personal experience influence view of health?

A

The idea of health is drawn from each persons experiences and knowledge. Each individual is expert on their own health.

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3
Q

Factors influencing definition of health

A

Age, developmental stage, gender, expectations of self, context, socioeconomic status, education, culture, family values, social relationships, experience with wellness/illness, other’s experience with wellness/illness, accessibility of health care

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4
Q

Why is it important to study life-span development?

A

Understand rhythms and patterns of growth
Better understand and connect with others
Provides insight into challenges facing clients

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5
Q

What is the difference between traditional and contemporary views of development?

A

Traditional:
Original Sin (500’s-1400’s) children inherently bad
Tabula Rasa (1600’s) children are blank slates
Innate goodness (1700’s) children inherently good
Lifespan:
Childhood lays foundation for adulthood and is different than adulthood
Different skills/tasks mastered at different times

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6
Q

What are the seven basic characteristics of the life-span perspective?

A 
Lifelong
Multidimensional
Multidirectional
Plastic (capacity for change)
Multidisciplinary
Involves growth maintenance and regulation
Contextual
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7
Q

Describe developmental processes.

A

Biological: Changes of a physical Nature
Cognitive: Changes in thought, intelligence, language
Socioemotional: Changes in relationships, emotions, personality

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8
Q

Identify and describe the four conceptions of age.

A

Biological age
Mental Age
Psychological Age
Social Age

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9
Q

Identify and describe the three key developmental issues

A

Nature vs Nurture: genetics vs experience
Continuity vs Discontinuity:
Stability vs Change

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10
Q

Explore the definition of theory.

A

An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that help explain and make predictions

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11
Q

What are the different theories of life-span development?

A

Psychoanalytic Theories- emphasize unconscious thought (Frued, Erikson)
Cognitive Theories- Emphasizes conscious thought, associated with construction of knowledge (Piaget, Vygotsky)
Behavioural and Social cognitive- emphasizes role of environmental role of determinance of behaviour, environment and person cognitive factors (Skinner, Bandura)
Ethological Approach- behaviour strongly influenced by biology, evolution, Characterized by critical or sensitive periods, links behaviours to those observed in animals (Lorenz, Bowlby, Darwin)
Ecological- emphasizes the importance of environmental factors in development (Bronfenbrenner)
Moral Development- explains how moral values are aquired (Kohlberg)
Humanist Theories- acknowledge role of values, intentions, and meaning in understanding behaviour, behaviour is intrinsically motivated to self-improvement, people strive to be the best they can be (Maslow, Rogers)

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12
Q

What is the importance of developmental theories to nursing?

A

Gain greater insights into our own history

Helps us understand the behaviour of patients-how they behave and why they behave as they do.

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13
Q

How can determinants of health be categorized?

A

Innate individual traits
Social family and community networks
Living and working conditions
Broad social environmental economic cultural health and environmental conditions.

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14
Q

How are the categories of DOH interrelated?

A

refer to diagram on slide 6
individual lifestyle factors are dependent socio economic status which depends on community and social networks therefor placing you into specific educational, environmental and working conditions which then increase/decrease health and limit/increase choices

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Personal, Social and professional resources?

A

Personal: Characteristics of a person that arise from: developmental dimensions, psychosocial dimensions, cultural dimensions, spiritual dimensions, physiological dimensions
Social: Nature of interactions within social relationships, they are reciprocal and may improve coping, moderate impacts of stressors, and promote health and self care
-structure
-function
-appraisal
Professional: Interactions with professionals which may improve coping moderate impacts of stressors, and promote health and well being these relationships offer support without reciprocity.

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16
Q

What are the periods of development?

A 
Prenatal: conception to birth
Infancy: birth to 19-24 months
Early childhood: 9-24 months to 5-6 years
Middle&Late Childhood: 6-11 years
Adolescence: 10-12 years to 18-22 years
Early Adulthood: Late teens to end of thirties
Middle Adulthood: 40 to 60 years
Late Adulthood: 60 to death
17
Q

Explain the five principles of primary health care.

A 
Accessability
Public participation
Health Promotion
Appropriate skills and technology
Intersectoral Collaboration
18
Q

Give examples of PHC activities in Canada

A

(any service that promotes health, prevents disease, cures problems, and rehabilitates people as needed)
Detox centers
Rehab clinics

19
Q

Define health promotion

A

Process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health. It embraces actions directed not only at strengthening the skills and capabilities of individuals, but also at changing social, environmental, political and economic conditions to alleviate their impact on public and individual health (CNA)
Any activity or program designed to improve social and environmental living conditions such that a person’s experience of well-being is increased. (UFV)

20
Q

Describe the role of nursing in health promotion

A
  • Role model of healthy lifestyle
  • Health education to support informed choice
  • Advocate for health and patients
  • Encourage, Support development of healthy public policy
  • Encourage individuals to be included in decisions related to their health.
21
Q

Identify barriers to health promotion practices

A

Time
Motivation
Change is difficult
Lack of resources-financial and physical
Knowledge deficit (nutrition, exercise, resources)
Non-supportive family, community, government

22
Q

Define Health and identify factors which influence health.

A

x

23
Q

Identify major elements of select models of health and illness

A

x

24
Q

Describe historical approaches to health in Canada

A

1946 - 1970 - medical
1974 - behavioral (Lalonde)
1978 - Primary health care (Alma Ata)
!986 - Health promotion, socio environmental approach (Ottawa charter)

25
Q

Describe morbidity, mortality, and life expectancy in Canada.

A

Life expectancy- Average lifespan people, In Canada 79 yrs for men, 83 yrs for women
Morbidity rates- Incidence/prevalence of disease
Mortality rates- number of deaths divided by total population in a given time

26
Q

Identify the major nutrients necessary for nutrition and the uses of these nutrients in the body.

A

Carbs - source of calories that fuel our muscles and brain, primary source of energy
Proteins - source of calories, used mostly for development during growth, and maintenance of tissue (such as skin, blood, cells, muscles, etc.) in adulthood
Fats - source of stored energy (calories) used mostly as reserve calories for low level activity (sleeping), provides essential fatty acids, maintenance of body cells, hormonal system, transport of fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) and helps tastebuds taste
Vitamins & Minerals - play major role in body function refer to chart for specifics
Fluids - Filter wastes in our body. regulate temperature, increase fluid intake with strenous activity and hot climates.

27
Q

Identify factors affecting the processing and utilization of nutrients in the digestive system

A 
PH
Temperature
Disease/Illness
Drugs
Fight/flight
28
Q

Describe dietary guidelines for healthy nutrition.

A

Fruits and veggies - 7-8 (F) 8-10 (M)
Grains - 6-7 (F) 8 (M)
Dairy - 2
Meats - 2 (F) 3 (M)

29
Q

Identify the key nutrients required and factors affecting nutritional status throughout the life-span.

A

x

30
Q

Describe common anthropometric tools utilized to determine the nutritional status of the individual.

A

Waist circumfrence, BMI Table

31
Q

Identify current issues relevant to adult nutrition and nutrition during pregnancy

A

Refer to handout

32
Q

Distinguish between nutritional facts, fads, and myths

A

x

Nursing 101 (1 decks)

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