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PoliSci > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Legal status that accords full membership in a political community; also encompasses civic virtues

A

Citizenship

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1
Q

The consent to government that ppl demonstrate in democracies by participating in the political system, especially by voting.

A

Active consent

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2
Q

The control of selfish impulses for the sake of the law or the public good

A

Self Restraint

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3
Q

An understanding of government processes, public issues, & social conditions

A

Civic Knowledge

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4
Q

Achievement of goals through tthe efforts of individuals, families, & voluntary associations

A

Self Reliance

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5
Q

Activity for the public good, ranging from voting to enlisting in the army

A

Civic participation & Service

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6
Q

Consists of reasoning on the merits of public policy.

Searching for the public interest or common good

A

Deliberation

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7
Q

Theory of politics based on the premise that citizens and public officials act rationally to serve their personal interests

A

Rational Choice Theory

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8
Q

Any obligation that citizens owe to the broader political community

A

Civic duty

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9
Q

Civic Virtues (4)

A

Self Restraint
Self Reliance
Civic Knowledge
Civic Participation & service

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10
Q

Democracy whose institutions are designed to promote the rule of reasoned & informed majorities; usually through representative institutions

A

Deliberative democracy

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11
Q

Why is American government known as a deliberative democracy?

A

Deliberation is common enough & consequential enough in our government

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12
Q

The view that a large number of diverse groups control government and politics and promote policies to serve there particular interests

A

Group (Pluralist) Theory

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13
Q

Alternative to Pluralist Theory
Controlled by a relative handful of elites in government, business, the professions, & the media.
Often think alike & work together to promote their mutual interests

A

Elite Theory

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14
Q

Legislators trading support for one another’s proposals

Reducing lawmaking to bargaining among groups

A

Logrolling

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15
Q

Citizens, legislators, & executive officials are all presumed to be ??????? who use govt & politics to ?????????????

A

Rational Actors

Maximize their utility

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16
Q

Under the Rational Choice Theory, citizens vote for candidates who ????????
Why do individuals seek office under this theory?

A

Vote for candidates who they believe will directly benefit them

Seek office for the salary, perks, personal power; no desire to serve the public

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17
Q

Democracy works best when people embrace ???????

And when informed citizens and public officials do what?

A

Duties of Citizenship

Deliberate to identify & promote the common good

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18
Q

A form of government in which people rule themselves either directly or through elected representatives

A

Democracy

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19
Q

“Rule by the People”

A

Democracy

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20
Q

Alternative to Direct Democracy

Ppl choose leaders through free elections, elected officials held accountable for their conduct

A

Representative Democracy

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21
Q

The people directly pass laws & make other key decisions

Originally found in Ancient Greece

A

Direct Democracy

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22
Q

Why was Direct Democracy no longer an option after the constitution was written?

A

The nation was too large & transportation too primitive for the citizens to gather together to debate & vote

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23
Q

Equivalent to Representaive Democracy

The people rule themselves through elected representatives

A

Republic

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24
Q

Father of the Constitution

Federalist Papers

A

James Madison

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25
Q

Majority Faction

Defined by James Madison in Federalist 10

A

Majorities in Greek democracies sometimes used their political power to oppress minorities & violate their rights.

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26
Q

Obligations that one owes to other citizens or the community as a whole, such as obeying the law

A

Duties of Citizenship

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27
Q

Allows the citizens to draft a proposed law or constitutional amendment & place it on the ballot if enough registered voters sign petitions requesting it

A

An initiative

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28
Q

A proposed law or constitutional amendment, usually written by legislators, that is sent to the people for a vote

A

Referendum

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29
Q

The first state to allow it’s citizens to make laws directly (1898)

A

South Dakota

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30
Q

Political reform movement of the late 19th & early 20th centuries that attacked political corruption & the failure of government to address social ills

A

Progressive Movement

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31
Q

What did progressives do?

A

Sought out to empower citizens to combat “political machines” & unresponsive government

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32
Q

All political power derives from the people

A

Popular sovereignty

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33
Q

Approved by the 2nd continental congress on July 4th, 1776.

Announced to the world that the 13 united colonies were casting off British rule & forming an independent nation

A

Declaration of Independence

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34
Q

Why did the colonies want independence from Britain? (7)

A 
King George violated their rights 
Imposed taxes without consent
Undermined right to trial by jury
Forced them to house Brit troops
Restricted trade
Closed the port of Boston
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35
Q

In August 1775, King George issued what?

What did he do when parliament passed?

A

A proclamation accusing the Americans of “open & avowed rebellion”

He signed a law prohibiting all commerce with the colonies which caused them to forfeit to the crown

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36
Q

Influential pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that urged the colonists to break away from British rule

A

Common Sense

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37
Q

What does it mean to call truths self evident?

“We hold these truths to be self evident….”

A

Evident without proof or reasoning

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38
Q

What are “Inalienable Rights”

A

Rights that the government cannot take away & that people themselves cannot give away

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39
Q

What are the natural rights?

A

Life, liberty, & the pursuit of happiness

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40
Q

State of Nature?

A

Doctrine developed by Hobbes & Locke that stated there is no common authority to settle disputes & this no one to protect the weaker from the stronger

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41
Q

Consent of the governed?

A

No one has the right to govern another without that person’s consent

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42
Q

Active consent

A

When people show there acceptance of government by participating in the political system by voting, running for office, etc

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43
Q

Tacit Consent

A

Consent that people may give to government even if they do not actively participate

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44
Q

Constitutional Monarchy?

A

Rule by king who is restrained by a constitution that defines his powers

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45
Q

The declaration indictment makes it clear that if a king is to wield power, he must be constrained by what 4 concepts?

A
  1. Legislative branch that controls taxes
  2. Independent judiciary
  3. Civilian control of the military
  4. Respect for the rights of citizens
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46
Q

Prudence (in Declaration of Independence)

A

Refers to the wisdom about practical affairs (practical wisdom)

47
Q

Moral Relativism

A

The notion that moral standards are subjective; up to each individual to decide

48
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

Moral standards are derivative from the values if a particular culture or society

49
Q

13th Amendment (1865)

A

Abolished Slavery

50
Q

Rights that are regulated by the state; accorded to citizens in a particular political community

Right to sue in court, defend ones property, drive an automobile, etc

A

Civil Rights

51
Q

Rights to influence governmental decisions by voting for representatives & holding office

A

Political Rights

52
Q

Examples of citizens who cannot express political rights?

A

Convicted felons & minors

53
Q

Liberal Democracy

A

Democracy that works to secure the rights of their citizens & promote their freedoms

54
Q

Cold War

A

Began after WW2 ended in 1945

World politics was dominated by the clash between liberal democracies (led by the US) & Communist Nations (led by Soviet Union)

55
Q

Modern communism owes it’s origins to the writings of who?

What did he write?

A

Karl Marx

Communist Manifesto

56
Q

Communism

A

Form of government in which the state takes ownership of “the means of production” (industry & agriculture)

57
Q

Which form of government outlawed political parties, suppressed religious worship, & prohibited public opposition to the regime?

A

Communism

58
Q

Totalitarian System

A

Political system that places no limits on the power of government to regulate the private lives of citizens

59
Q

Principle that rulers should govern through law & not arbitrarily.
Individual rights are the foundation of the law & not the creation of the law

A

Rule of Law

60
Q

The function of government to foster a healthy economy & enhance the material well being of citizens, both poor & non poor

A

Social welfare

61
Q

All the constitutions created distinct legislative, executive, & judicial branches

A

Separation of Powers

62
Q

Bicameral Legislature

A

2 houses
Lower branch has annual elections
Upper branch elects every 2-5 yrs

63
Q

The first National constitution for the United States

Created Comgress in which each state had 1 vote

A

Articles of Confederation

64
Q

The period of economic, financial, & political distress between 1781-1789

A

Critical Period

65
Q

The name given to congress established by the Articles of Confederation.

Replaced the Continental Congress

A

Confederation Congress

66
Q

Loyalists

A

Americans who remained loyal to & supported the British government during the revolutionary war

67
Q

Shay’s Rebellion (Massachusetts 1786-1787)

A

Uprising of poor farmers. Closed courts to prevent the foreclosure of farms or imprisonment of farmers for debt

68
Q

Paper Money Laws

A

Laws passed by several states that allowed citizens to borrow paper money from the government & use it as legal tender, especially to pay taxes & debt

69
Q

A gathering of delegates from 5 states that met in Annapolis, MD in sept 1786 to address commercial problems

A

Annapolis Convention

70
Q

The gathering of delegates from 12 states (all but Rhode Island) that met in Philly and wrote the Constitution

A

Constitutional Convention

71
Q 
Virginia Plan 
(Edmund Randolph)
A

Plan for a strong national government of 3 independent branches– legislative, executive, & judiciary

72
Q

Voting representation would be based on what under the Virginia Plan?

A

State Population

73
Q

Small states at the Constitutional convention supported this plan as a counterproposal to the Virginia Plan

A

New Jersey Plan

74
Q

New Jersey Plan? (William Paterson)

A

Preserved the basic structure of government under Articles of Con. (Equal state vote) but added new powers to

  1. Regulate trade
  2. Raise Revenue
  3. Allow congress to crest executive & judicial branches
75
Q

Great compromise is also known as what?

A

Connecticut Compromise

76
Q

Compromise between the large & small states.

Representation in 1st branch
Equality of states in the 2nd branch

Required bills for raising revenues originate in the first branch

A

Great Compromise

77
Q

What did the Great Compromise allow the senate to do?

A

Originate appropriation bills & bills setting federal salaries

Amend all bills (including revenue) passed by the house

78
Q

5 member committee of the constitutional convention that met to prepare a draft constitution & distribute to all delegates

A

Committee of Detail

79
Q

Presidential Government

A

President is independently elected & cannot be dismissed by legislature

80
Q

The 5 member committee that met during the last week of the Constitutional Convention to give final form to the Constitution

A

Committee of Style

81
Q

New Ratification method for the proposed Constitution of 1787

A

Approval by at least 9 states, rather than every state having to approve (because of Rhode Island)

82
Q

Who wrote the Federalist Papers? (3)

A

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, & John Jay

83
Q

Who were the Federalists?

A

Supported the ratification of the Constitution of 1787

84
Q

Who were Anti-Federalists?

A

Opposed the ratification of the Constitution of 1787

85
Q

Refers to dividing governmental power into 3 types.

  • Making laws
  • Executing laws
  • Adjudicating controversies
A

Separation of Powers

86
Q

Refers to the ability of each branch to partially control the power exercised by another, to resist encroachments on its own powers.

A

Checks & balances

87
Q

First 10 Amendments of the Constitution?

A

Bill of Rights

88
Q

Protects individuals from arbitrary arrest by authorizing a judge to free someone if there are not sufficient grounds to hold him

A

Writ of Habeas Corpus

89
Q

An act by a legislature convicting someone of a crime & imposing a punishment without a trial before a court of law.

A

Bill of Attainder

90
Q

A law that makes an action criminal or increases it’s punishment after the fact

A

Ex Post Facto Law

91
Q

Three-Fifths Clause (Article 1, Section 2)

A

Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person when determining population for apportioning seats in the House of Reps

92
Q

Limits the power of Congress to end or prohibit the foreign slave trade

A

Importation of Slaves Clause

93
Q

Stipulated that slaves who escaped to another state must be returned to their masters.

A

Fugitive Slave Clause

94
Q

The 17 express powers listed in article 1, section 8 specifically granted to congress including:

  • imposing taxes
  • coining money
  • declaring war
A

Enumerated Powers

95
Q

Gives congress power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, several states, & Indian tribes
(A1, S8)

A

Commerce Clause

96
Q

Establishes the Constitution, federal statutes & treaties as the supreme law of the land

A

Supremacy Clause

97
Q

Reserved powers? (10th Amendment)

A

Powers not delegated or prohibited by the Constitution.

The people may do anything the constitution does not forbid & the federal government can’t say nothin

98
Q

Powers of the government that one may reasonably infer from the enumerated powers

A

Implied Powers

99
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

Necessary & Proper Clause

A

Supreme Court ruled that congress could charter a national bank & that Maryland couldn’t tax it.

100
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden (Commerce Clause)

A

A dispute over navigation on the Hudson River between NY & NJ

101
Q

Arrangement where national government would focus on foreign affairs, national security, & interstate relations, leaving domestic policy issues to the states

A

Dual federalism

102
Q

The idea that a state may refuse to acknowledge or enforce federal laws within its own boundaries

A

Nullification

103
Q

Wickard v. Filiburn

A

Congress could make laws even on local, non commercial activities if they have an economic effect on interstate commerce

104
Q

Categorical Grant Programs

A

Directed funds to very specific purposes such as education & health care

105
Q

Nixon’s plan in which power, funds, & responsibility will flow from the federal government to the States & the people.

A

New Federalism

106
Q

Under this program, the federal government would send tax money directly back to the states & localities with minimal restrictions

A

General Revenue Sharing

107
Q

More flexible than categorical grants.

Distribute funds within a broad policy area. Broad terms on how state & local governments should spend the money

A

Block grants

108
Q

Requirements that states take certain action lest they face penalties

A

Mandates

109
Q

Modern term for New Federalism

A

Devolution

110
Q

Requires each state to recognize & honor the others’ laws, records, & judicial proceedings

A

Full faith & credit Clause

111
Q

Congress could apply minimum wage requirements to state & local govts. Overruled a previous decision holding that such regulation would violate 10th amendment. (Court Case)

A

Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority

112
Q

Congress could not regulate fire-arms in school zones. (Court case)

A

United States v. Lopez

113
Q

Congress could not require local law enforcement officials to make criminal background checks on people seeking to buy handguns. (Court case)

A

Printz v. United States

114
Q

Congress lacked power under the commerce clause to enact federal civil remedies for victims of gender-based violence. (Court case)

A

United States v. Morrison

115
Q

States & localities could use eminent domain to further private economic development. (Court case)

A

Kelo v. City of New London

116
Q

Whether the federal government could force states to expand their Medicaid programs to comply with the national healthcare law. (Court case)

A

Florida v. U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services

PoliSci (2 decks)

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