midterm 1 Flashcards
sovereignty
“the ability to govern and to protect and enhance the
health, safety, and welfare of tribal citizens within tribal
territory” (National Congress of American Indians”
Settler colonialism
A distinct type of colonialism
* functions through the replacement of
* Indigenous populations with an invasive settler
society
* settler society that develops a distinctive identity
and sovereignty
self determination
The right of a people or nation to decide its own political status and govern itself without outside influence.
federal indian boarding school initiative
Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland announced, “a comprehensive review of the
troubled legacy of federal boarding school policies.”
what did federal indian boarding school initiative include
Investigating Historical Records: Identifying and documenting the locations and operational details of these boarding schools.
Identifying Burial Sites: Locating marked and unmarked burial sites associated with these institutions.
Acknowledging and Addressing Trauma: Recognizing the intergenerational trauma caused by these policies and promoting healing within Indigenous communities.
indian reorginization act (1934)
The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 (IRA), also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act, was a U.S. federal law aimed at reversing the assimilation policies imposed on Native Americans and restoring some degree of self-governance to Native tribes.
what did indian reorginization act (1934) include
- ending allotment
- self governance
- economic support
4.cultural preservation
Idle no more
Founded by Indigenous and non-Indigenous women in Canada to resist colonial policies. The movement initially protested Bill C-45, a piece of Canadian legislation that threatened Indigenous sovereignty and environmental protections by changing laws related to waterways and land management.
wounded knee occupation (1970s)
Highlighted Indigenous women’s roles in
resistance. The Wounded Knee Occupation of 1973 was a 71-day standoff between members of the American Indian Movement (AIM), Oglala Lakota activists, and U.S. federal authorities on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota.
happened in protest of US’s failure to hold up their end of treaties
savannas act
The Savanna’s Act, passed in the United States in 2020, is a law designed to address the crisis of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls.by enhancing communication, transparency, and data collection across law enforcement agencies.
not invisible act
aims to address the crisis of missing and murdered Indigenous peoples and human trafficking in the United States.
violence against womens act
U.S. federal legislation designed to protect individuals, particularly women, from domestic violence, sexual assault, dating violence, and stalking. VAWA established comprehensive resources, legal frameworks, and services to address these issues across the country.
Two-Spirit Leadership
Recognized as sacred entities bridging natural and spiritual worlds,
contributing to community balance.
Impact of boarding schools on Indigenous languages and culture.
- American Indians who attended boarding schools have
lower physical health statuses than those who did not. - Additionally, the report references studies that look at the
epigenetic alterations that were transferred from attendees
of boarding schools to their children who did not attend
the boarding schools. - Rates of diabetes, alcoholism and suicide.
Modern food sovereignty efforts within Native communities.
tribal elder food box program
-Distributing boxes
Produce, self stable, proteins
-Tribal producers
Providing food for the boxes from native producers
Pay producers fair value
Funding opportunities to supply and equipment processes
Thus, the Tribal Elder Food Box Program (TEFBP) was piloted as a means to restore Indigenous food-ways and access to traditional foods. These efforts included the purchasing of culturally appropriate, local and traditional products grown by Indigenous producers.
land as pedagogy
Land-based education is place-specific, grounded in culture, and aims to
strengthen Indigenous communities by reviving their reciprocal relationships with
their lands through the practice of their land-based traditions.
how has settler colonialism impacted indigenous sovereignty?
- land dispossession
- assimilation policies
- legal and political suppression
- environmental degreadation
termination era
The U.S. government enacted policies aimed at ending the special status of tribes and dissolving their lands as distinct legal entities. This period, known as the “Termination Era,” saw policies that effectively “terminated” the federal recognition of certain tribes, stripping them of their sovereignty, rights, and resources. 1953-68
- stripping them of federal recognition, access to vital services like healthcare and education, and leading to significant loss of land, ultimately causing widespread economic hardship, social disruption, and cultural erosion within affected communities
What are examples of policies that undermined tribal self-determination (e.g.,
Termination Era)?
- relocation programs
- dawes act The Dawes Act divided collectively held tribal land into individual allotments intended for Indigenous families, with the remaining land opened for purchase by settlers. This policy led to massive land loss, as Indigenous people were often pressured or coerced into selling their allotments.
- relocation programs
11 tribes in wisconsin
Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
Brothertown Indian NationIndigenous
Forest County Potawatomi
Ho-Chunk Nation
Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin
Oneida Nation
Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
Mole Lake (Sokaogon Chippewa Community) Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
Saint Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin
Stockbridge-Munsee Community Band of Mohican Indians
food colonialism
Refers to the historical and ongoing processes through
which colonial powers exerted control over the food
systems of colonized territories, perpetuating
exploitative practices and cultural erasure. (Project Heal,
n.d.)
Displacement of Traditional Diets (impose food
products)
Introduction of Processed and Industrial Foods
Erosion of Food Sovereignty
Economic Dependency on Imported Foods
Imposition of Western Nutritional Standards
Cultural Appropriation of Indigenous Foods
