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Pharm 2: Quick Drug Study Guide > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 types of acid controlling drugs

A

antacids, h2 receptors, proton pump inhibitors

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2
Q

What do antacids do?

A

Buffer/neutralize HCL by preventing histamine from binding to parietal cells

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3
Q

What are the types of antacids?

A

aluminum, magnesium, calcium, sodium bicarb, combo

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4
Q

What do H2 receptor antagonists do?

A

increases stomach ph, urinary ph, and competitively blocks histamine receptors on parietal cells

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5
Q

what do proton pump inhibitors do?

A

irreversibly bind to hydrogen, potassium, ATPase which blocks all gastric secretion

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6
Q

What are the types of laxatives?

A

bulk forming, emollient, saline, hyperosmotic, stimulant

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7
Q

What do bulk forming laxatives do?

A

add bulk and water to the bowel which distends the bowel and causes movement

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8
Q

What do emollient laxatives do?

A

stool softener and lubricates the bowel

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9
Q

What do hyperosmotic laxatives do?

A

increase water content leading to distended bowel and then bowel movement

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10
Q

What are saline laxatives?

A

Increase osmotic pressure, and bring in water distending the bowel and causing movement

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11
Q

What are stimulant laxatives?

A

increase peristalsis by intestinal nerve stimulation

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12
Q

What are the 3 antidiarrheal drugs?

A

adsorbents, antimotility, and probiotics

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13
Q

What do adsorbents do?

A

Coat walls of GI, bind to cause of diarrhea then eliminates it through stool (pepto)

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14
Q

What are antimotility drugs?

A

slows peristalsis, dries stool, decrease gastric secretion, reduce pain.

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15
Q

What are the 2 forms of antimotility drugs?

A

anticholinergics or opioids

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16
Q

What are probiotics?

A

giving good bacteria to reestablish intestinal flora

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17
Q

What are the 6 antiemetic/ antinausea drugs?

A

anticholinergics, antihistamines, anti-dopaminergic, prokinetic, serotonin blocking, and tetrahydrocannabinol

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18
Q

How do anticholinergics work?

A

prevent acetylcholine from reaching receptors in the ear

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19
Q

How do antihistamines work?

A

block histamine which then blocks acetylcholine from reaching receptors

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20
Q

How do anti-dopaminergics work?

A

blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ, calms the CNS

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21
Q

How do prokinetic drugs work?

A

blocks dopamine receptors, promotes gastric emptying

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22
Q

How do serotonin blocking drugs work?

A

block serotonin in CTZ and vomiting center

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23
Q

How do Tetrahydrocannabinols work?

A

uknown, inhibits something. Used to treat chemo pts

24
Q

What are the 2 types of nutritional supplements?

A

enteral and parenteral

25
Q

What is enteral nutrition?

A

Oral supplementation or feeding tubes – need a functioning GI tract

26
Q

What are the types of enteral nutrition?

A

elemental, polymeric, carb modular, protein mod, amino acid modular.

27
Q

What is parenteral nutrition?

A

Nutrition provided straight to circulation and bypasses the GI tract

28
Q

What are the 2 types of parenteral nutrition?

A

Partial parenteral nutrition, total parenteral nutrition

29
Q

What diabetic drugs do you use for type 1 diabetes?

A

insulin

30
Q

What are the 8 diabetic drugs you give for type 2 diabetes?

A

biguanide, sulfonylurea, glinides, TZD, A glucosidase inhibitors, DDP 4 Inhibitors, Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, incretin mimetic

31
Q

What do biguanides do?

A

increase insulin receptor sensitivity, decrease glucose production
(metformin)

32
Q

What do sulfonylureas do?

A

bind to receptors on beta cells and stimulate release of insulin

33
Q

What do Glinides do?

A

increase secretion of insulin
Given at every meal and short acting

34
Q

What do TZDs do?

A

Increase insulin receptor sensitivity, stimulate glucose uptake.

35
Q

What do a-glucosidase inhibitors do?

A

inhibit a glucosidase enzyme which then delays glucose absorption and slows it down
MUST TAKE WITH FOOD

36
Q

What do DDP-4 inhibitors do?

A

inhibits DDP4 which delays breakdown in incretin meaning satiety lasts longer, gastric emptying slows, longer insulin secretion, reduction in glucose production

37
Q

What do sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors do?

A

blocks tubular reabsorption of glucose = glycosuria and lower BGL. Can cause UTIs

38
Q

What do incretin mimics do?

A

gives more incretin = reduction in glucose production, more insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying, increases satiety

39
Q

What are the 3 pituitary drugs?

A

somatriptin, octreotide acetate, vasopressin

40
Q

What 2 drugs are related to the anterior pituitary?

A

Octreotide and somatriptin

41
Q

What does somatriptin do?

A

mimics GH, stimulates growth, increases protein synthesis

42
Q

what does octreotide acetate do?

A

GH antagonist, used to treat pituitary tumors that are hypersecreting GH

43
Q

What does Vasopressin do?

A

Mimics ADH so it increases water reabsorption in distal tubules. Controls polydipsia, polyuria, dehydration, and blood disorders

44
Q

What are the thyroid replacement drugs and what do they do?

A

levothyroxine (Synthroid), treats hypothyroidism, changes metabolic rate, increases 02 consumption, increases body temp, increases blood volume, increases cardiac output. Stimulates production of T3 and T4

45
Q

What are the 3 antithyroid treatments?

A

thiamazole & propylthiouracil, radioactive iodine, and thyroidectomy.

46
Q

What does thiamazole do?

A

inhibits iodine from turning into tyrosine which you need to make T3 and T4

47
Q

What does propylthiouracil do?

A

inhibits iodine from turning into tyrosine which you need to make T3 and T4

48
Q

What does radioactive iodine do?

A

destroys the thyroid gland through ablation – emits destructive beta rays that destroys thyroid cells

49
Q

What is a thyroidectomy?

A

removal or part or all of the thyroid

50
Q

What are the drugs associated with the adrenal cortex?

A

glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids

51
Q

What are glucucorticoids?

A

Catabolism of proteins, redistribution of fats, Ant inflammatory actions (stabilizes cell membranes of lysosomes, decreases WBC mitigation, stimulates RBC production), decreases stress

52
Q

What do mineralocorticoids do?

A

regulates sodium, potassium, and water content in the body through aldosterone levels. Aldosterone maintains levels of sodium which is withheld from the urine to be circulated again, but at the cost of potassium and hydrogen ions.

53
Q

What are glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids?

A

steroids

54
Q

What are the drugs/hormones associated with the adrenal medulla?

A

catecholamines: epi, norepi, dopamine

55
Q

What does epinephrine do?

A

dilate and expand the bronchioles, raise BP, raise HR, raise BGL to provide more energy

56
Q

What does norepi do?

A

everything epi does except dilate bronchioles

57
Q

What does dopamine do?

A

influences emotional state

Pharm 2: Quick Drug Study Guide (1 decks)

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