midterm 1

Question 1

define socialization

Answer 1

process by which we learn values/norms of society

Question 2

define social media

Answer 2

internet platform where individuals can create and exchange content

Question 3

content analysis

Answer 3

look at content of media, analyzing amounts or trend

limitation: doesn’t tell us the effect/impact of content

Question 4

hypodermic needle theory

Answer 4

everyone is impacted by media in the same way (passive consumers)

Question 5

cultivation theory

Answer 5

media cultivates views overtime

1. resonance: more relatable = more views shift
2. mainstreaming: beliefs converge to mainstream overtime for heavy viewers

Question 6

social cognitive theory

Answer 6

learning by observation is influenced by:

1. mental states/personal/cognitive factors: motivation, emotion, attention, self-efficacy, interest, identification
2. reinforcements and punishments of models

behaviour is shaped by cognitive > environment

Question 7

uses and gratifications theory

Answer 7

users actively shape relationship with media (purpose for using media impact how the media influences them

Question 8

self-determination theory

Answer 8

competence + autonomy + relatedness –> motivation + engagement –> well-being performance

Question 9

agenda setting

Answer 9

media tells consumers WHAT to think

Question 10

framing theory

Answer 10

media tells us HOW to think about issues/weigh them

Question 11

elaboration likelihood

Answer 11

central = aspects of the message/credibility
peripheral = surface issue (ie. appearance of speaker)

Question 12

reinforcing spirals

Answer 12

social identity/existing beliefs reinforced through media –> more echo chambers

Question 13

mood management

Answer 13

seek equilibrium

1. maximize positive mood/minimize negative mood
2. homeostasis of arousal

Question 14

henri tajfel social identity

Answer 14

out-group = same, in-group = diverse

Question 15

evolutionary attachment

Answer 15

we form connections with familiar people
best media approximates face to face cmmc^n closest

Question 16

exemplification

Answer 16

events causing strong emotion –> lasting impression

Question 17

third person effect

Answer 17

others more impacts by media than me

Question 18

first person effect

Answer 18

i’m more impacted by media than others but only when media effects are positive

Question 19

fundamental attribution effect

Answer 19

others’ Bx are due to stable, internal reasons
my Bx is due to external factors

Question 20

social learning

Answer 20

learning through observation (bobo doll)

Question 21

info processing/meme theory

Answer 21

meme = basic unit of info, replicable, transmitted

Question 22

reduction hypothesis

Answer 22

more media = less time for intellectual content

1. time displacement: media displaces time from education content (data –> reduced reading acquisition in young children)
2. mental efforts: become more passive over time
3. decreased attention, increases impulsivity

have all been debunked –> relationship is likely due to 3rd variable (eg. parental neglect)

Question 23

goldilocks principle

Answer 23

curvilinear pattern between media and achievement

Question 24

capacity model

Answer 24

we have limited resources –> trade off between narrative and educational content (narrative dominance)

less distance = better learning

narrative comprehension mediates the effect of viewer characteristics on educational comprehension

Question 25

catharsis

Answer 25

purging violent impulses

Question 26

priming theory

Answer 26

violent stimuli primes violent thoughts

Question 27

scripts theory

Answer 27

screenplays of how to act in different situations
certain scripts can be primed

Question 28

excitation transfer

Answer 28

violent media –> arousal –> interpret as anger –> act aggressively

Question 29

desensitization

Answer 29

repeated exposure to violent media = reduced reaction to violence (orbital frontal cortex)

Question 30

general aggression model

Answer 30

input –> internal states –> appraisal –> feedback loop

input: personality/situaiton
internal states: cognitive, arousal, affect

Question 31

factors influencing success of educational TV

Answer 31

1. educational goals
2. media features (moderate discrepancy, repetition, interactive)
3. characters (para-social relationship)
4. age of child (too young = no vocab benefits, too old –> spinach effect)

Question 32

factors impacting likelihood of aggression

Answer 32

1. aggressive emotions
2. aggressive traits
3. aggressive thoughts
4. psychological factors

Question 33

contextual features

Answer 33

1. perpetrators are appealing: glamorized violence
2. violence is rewarded/unpunished
3. violence is justified
4. violence is realistic