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SOCI 224 DEVIANCE > MIDTERM 1 > Flashcards

MIDTERM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Objective Perspective

A

Certain acts are inherently moral or immoral. Deviance is a trait in a person/B that is considered deviant. It is a COMMON trait

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2
Q

What is Deviance Objectively?

A

Statistically rare, harmful, violation of norms, societally reactive. problem is all of these are subjective

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3
Q

Objective theories explaining deviance

A

Most helpful ones is where it’s focused on the deviant act itself. There is something that differentiates deviants from non deviants

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4
Q

Subjective Perspective

A

Deviance is based off perception. It is a PROCESS: what groups with influence have told us what is decided. It has NO COMMON trait and MORAL CODES change over time. Does NOT focus on the act

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5
Q

Strict Social Construction

A

Deviance is a creation of a certain society at a specific time in history, no objective reality. There is no essential reality outside our experience of it (endless relativism

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6
Q

Contextual Social Construction

A

Emphasis on the context to why something is deviant. What was the historical context that could’ve made something deviant?

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7
Q

Social Constructionism as a Process

A

Important is in its place in the social order, the roles assigned to those exhibiting that deviance, and the meanings attached to it

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8
Q

Norms are…

A
  1. subject to change
  2. culturally specific
  3. circumstance specific
  4. subject to social control
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9
Q

Informal and Formal Social Regulation

A

Approving/disproving smiles VS criminal charges

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10
Q

Retroactive or Preventative social regulation

A

Treating a deviant a certain way VS trying to prevent deviance

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11
Q

Social Typing

A

Description: Labelling
Evaluation: Describes label in adjectives
Prescription: How we respond in behaviour

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12
Q

Moral Entrepreneurs by Becker

A

Identifying a social problem, usually be members of upper class, often have to rely on social media

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13
Q

Strain Theory

A

Merton, Functionalist
-society is in anomie
- imbalance between institutionalized goals and the means of achieving them
- strain is the distance and blocked opportunity between goals and achieving

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14
Q

Strain Theory and 5 ways of seeing goals and means

A

conformity accepts both
innovation accepts goals rejects means
ritualism rejects goals accepts means
retreatism rejects both
rebellion accepts and rejects both

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15
Q

Differential Opportunity Theory

A

Cloward and Ohlin
Why do individuals adapt to strain in different ways?
Differential Illegitimate Opportunity. some people in a low state lack both legitimate and illegitimate means so they resort to deviance

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16
Q

Institutional Anomie

A

Messner, Rosenfeld
Thought strain theory was too focused on the economy
Economy impacts institutions like family political and others
But, the institutional balance of power is tilted toward the economy

17
Q

General Strain Theory

A

Agnew
Strain theory was too focused on the economy as the only strain
more strains caused negative emotions leading to cope with delinquency
Strain results from
1. being blocked from any positive goal
2. actual or anticipated loss of something valuable
3. actual or anticipated presentation of noxious stimuli

18
Q

Status Frustration Theory

A

the structure of society is recreated in the classroom
lower class boys will engage in
mutual status frustration: cause to join together with others
reaction formation: established set of oppositional standards for the group

19
Q

Conflict: Code on the Streets

A

Code is the willingness to use violence, governing choices they make. Work for respect with little self respect. Lack of trust in institutions

20
Q

Differential Association Theory

A

Sutherland
We learn how to engage in crime by interacting with criminals in face to face groups. Learned the disregard for legal code

21
Q

Neutralization Theory

A

denial of….
responsibility
injury
victim
condemnation of condemners
appealing to higher loyalties

22
Q

Social Bonds Theory

A

Hirschi
One might restrict their deviance because
attachment
commitment
involvement
belief

23
Q

Self Control Theory and its determination

A

Hirschi and Gottsfredson
Self control is
determined by parenting in early life
remains stable though time
Criticism: children who don’t trust authority can’t be compared

24
Q

Subjective Perspective on Deviance

A

Deviance is changing with use and legitimization of power, and the less powerful can resist with negotiations that cause change like the tobacco lawsuits
DEVIANCE IS VIOLATION OF DOMINANT MORAL CODES DETERMINED BY THE POWERFUL

25
Q

Instrumental Marxism

A

The state, legal and political institutions are a direct instrument of the interest of the ruling class, protecting capitalists

26
Q

Structural Marxism

A

State institutions function in interest of capitalism and to keep it that way
The state and its institutions have RELATIVE AUTONOMY

27
Q

Feminist Theory

A

Gendered nature of norms and dominant moral codes determine what’s deviant

28
Q

Power reflective Theories

A

Focus on the intertwining of power and knowledge
Power determines which claims to knowledge and come to be legitimized
Like masturbation being a sin or normal

29
Q

Foucault

A

merged analysis of power and knowledge with the analysis of social control mechanisms (panoptical society)

30
Q

Status Degredation

A

Tagging (deviant)
Defining (thief)
Describing (stole xyz)
Segregating (Imprisonment

31
Q

The looking glass self

A

Horton
We imagine how we are perceived by others, how they’d evaluate us based on how we are seen and develop impressions about ourselves based on how they see and evaluate

32
Q

Stigma, Master Status

A

Goffman
Powerfully negative label that greatly changes a persons self concept and social identity

33
Q

Avoiding Stigma

A

concealment
selective disclosure
selective affiliation
activism

34
Q

Claims makers

A

Use compelling stats and emotional examples and link a problem to one already in the public agenda
typify the seriousness and character of the threat posed by the behaviour

35
Q

Critique of Social Learning Theories

A

Differential association: hard to tally associations in life. does the parenting or emotional attachment to deviant peers take precedence?
Neutralization: neutralization is actually not used prior to the act

36
Q

Objective Theories

A

Strain, Conflict, Social Learning and Control

37
Q

Subjective Theories

A

Power-Reflective, Feminist, Interpretive

38
Q

How are psychological theories inadequate to explain marijuana use

A

Not all have the traits considered to cause the behaviour
Difficulty accounting for variability over time with their behaviour with reference to the drug

SOCI 224 DEVIANCE (4 decks)

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