Midterm 1 Flashcards
messages of sex
presence and absence both send strong messages
historical perspective
religon has close links
ethnocentrism
believing that what you know is “normal” and everything else is abnormal - bias
Prehistoric view on sex
worship of women’s ability to Baer children
phallic worship began when paternity was discovered
ancient Hebrew view on sex
procreation, pleasure, polygamy
Ancient Greece view on sex
Bisexuality homosexuality, sexually liberal, prositution
courtesans
a mistress
Concubine
the lesser wife
Ancient Rome view on sex
orgies, homosexuality with men only
historic muslim view on sex
sex within marriage is great, men can take many wives (must be fair though)
Historic toaist view on sex
first sexual manual, masturbation only for women
historic hindu view on sex
virtuos and natural within a marriage
early Christian view on sex
for procreation only
Middle Ages view on sex
wet dreams were from spirits, lust blamed on witchcraft
Protestants reformation view on sex
allowed sex not for procreation within a marriage
victorian era view on sex
extreme sexual repression
3 types of media influence
cultivation - thinks what they see is true to reality
agenda setting- reporters show what the want
social learning - characters serve as models
Freud
psychodynamic theory
the unconscious mind
coined term libido
Havelock Ellis
wrote about homosexuality in a compassionate way
transgenderism in men
^called it over identification w/ admired object
Richard von Krafft-ebbing
non procreational sex is a perversion
Krafft ebbing 4 perversions
paradoxia - sexual respones at wrong time in life
Anesthia - insufficient sexual desire
hypersthesia - excessive sexual desire
Paraetheisia - sexual desire for wrong goal/object
mangus Hirschfeld
founder of first sex institute
first large scale sex survey
alfred Kinsey
published large sex survey
talked about prevalence of homosexuality
created scale of homosexuality 1-7
William masters +Virginia Johnson
looked at physiological response of sexual response
4 stages of orgasm
excitement phase
plateau phase
orgasm
resolution phase
difference between Canada and USA
Canada more liberal
less teen pregnancy
more gay acceptance
more birth control
Canadians have more sex outside
similarities with Canada and USA
Same amount of threesomes and one night stands
average number of sexual partners in canada
12
differences within Canada
Quebec is more sexually liberal
sex at a younger age
extramarital sex
cohabiting
goals of sexuality research
basic knowledge
understanding to influence behavior
inform public policy
tri-council policy
protection from harm, cost/benefit analysis
informed consent
debriefing
Tuskegee experiment
men with syphilis were study
not allowed access to treatment
denied treatment
many died
3 research methods
survey
qualitative (direct observation)
expairment
problems with survey
people not always truthful
inability to estimate
interpreting the question
memory
Kinsey survey
sexuality survey
some people say sample size was nor good enough
NHSLS
Large scale interview
written sensitive questions
NSSHB
Most recent sex survey
Canadian youth sexual survey
sexual activity in our youth gr.7,9,11
attitudes and knowledge
issue with getting participants (bias to those who did?)
Canadian community health survey
examining sexual behaviours of youth (15-24) compared to 2 time periods
data between time period was consistent
bc adolescent health survey
reporting if kids grades 7-12 had had sex comparing to 2 time periods
relatively consistent more oral sex, less sex in later time
biological measures for participant observation
penile plethysmography
vaginal plethysmography
thermography
evolutionary perspective
idea we are designed to produce
natural selection
psychoanalytic theory
evolutionary perspective
we are driven off our libido (ID s=and sex drive)
critics say its not testable
classical conditioning
can elicit a repose from a neutral stimulus by pairing it with a UCS
Operant conditioning
behaviour is learned from reward and punishment
sex can be the reward or punishment (dual role)
Bandura social learning
observational learning
schema
general knowledge and framework we have on a topic
script theory
we have an unspoken script about how encounters go and what things secretly mean
Lisa wade 4 types of people in hookup culture
Enthusiasts - love it
abstainers - hate it
dabblers -mixed feelings
strivers - want to participate but are excluded
medicalization of sexual health
when sexual behaviours or conditions are defined in terms of health and illness then are medically treated
health model
sexual health is a state of physical emotional mental and social wellbeing and not merely the presence or absence of a disease
sexual positive rights
sexual health care
sex education
negative rights
sexual violence
female genital mutilation
1969 ominous bill
bill which made anal sex legal
trudeau said the government should not be in your bedroom
Anton von leewenhook
saw sperm moving in seman
oskar hertwig
observed fertilization of an egg in a sea urchin
sexual selection
1) competing among members of one gender
2) preferential choice by member of one gender
ID
pleasure principle
ego
reality principle
superego
values and ideals of society - balanced ID and ego
5 stages of psychosexual development
oral - sucking/stimulating lips
anal-focused on elimination
phallic-focused on genitals
latency-impluses repressed
genital-sexual urges come
social exchange theory
uses concepts of reinforcement to explain statisfaction
views social relationships as exchanges of rewards
sex in pre and post Industrial Revolution
pre - everyone was at home watching each other
post - men were out leaving women to partake in same sex or extramarital activity
female prostate
skene gland
mons veneris
fatty tissue with pubic hair
labia majora
outside lips, also have pubic hair
theories on pubic hair
pheromones
protection from STD
Maturing
labia minora
inside lips
clitoris
most sensitive
3 types of female mutilation
cliterectormy
excision - partial/total removal of clit and inner labia
infibulation - entire removal o clit and vulva
vulvar vestibule
area inside labia minora
urethral opening
hole for pee
hymen
fold of tissue partially covers vag
perineum
skin between vag and anus
vestibular bulbs
glands in clit
pubococoygues
pelvic floor muscles q
3 layers of uterus
perimetrium - thinnest
myometiurm - muscles
endometrium - inner lining
fallopian tubes
passage way for sperm and egg implantation
job of ovaries
release eggs
produce hormones
corpora cavernosa
2 spongey tissues in penis that fill with blood to make erection hard
corpus spongiosa
makes sure urethra doesn’t close in erection
frenum
skin like under tongue attached to penis
foreskin
skin that covers glands
scrotum
loose skin with testes
job of testes
produce sperm and testosorne
sperm maturation
testes - retestes - epidymis
Alfred kinsey definition of sex
a behaviour that leads to orgasm
when did scientifc study of sex begin
19th century
Victorian women and their feelings on sex
thought tp have no desire but actually did
what may have the same effect as religion did today
mass media
other cycles in female body
cervical mucus cycle
basal body temp
amenorrhea
no period by 18
when do gonads develop in males in womb
7 weeks
when do ovaries develop in females in womb
10-11
homologous organs
female + male organs develop from same embryonic tissue
analogous function
2 organs have similar function
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
genetic female produces excess androgens making appearances of penis
androgen insensitivity syndrome
genetic male born with appearance of vagine due to androgen sensitivity
endocrine system
produces hormones
which hormones does Hypothalamus produce
gonadotropin
which hormone does pituitary gland produce
follicle stimulating + lutenizing hormone
what does follicle stimulating hormone do
overies - maturation of ovarian follicles
testes - growth of sperm cells
what does lutenizing hormone do
overies - ovulation
testes - production of testosterone
which hormone do gonads produce
steroids
which hormone does the adrenal gland produce
estrogene + testostrone
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis - male
it is the regulation of testostrone
hypothalamus produces gonoadotropin
triggers pituitary gland which produces FSH +LH
triggers testes which produces testosterone
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis - female
when low on proestrogene + estrogen
hypothalamus produces gonoadotropin
triggers pituitary gland which produces FSH +LH
triggers overies and produce estrogen + pro estrogen
what does estrogen do
development of physical characteristics
stopping growth of bone + muscle
menstrual cycle
what does pro estrogen do
regulation of menstrual cycle
develop uterine lining
what do androgen do
in males
develop/maintain physical apperence
ability to produce sperm
growth of bone + muscle
which hormones are in the overies
estrogene
proestrogene
which hormones are in the pituitary gland
prolactin
oxytocin
prolactin
produces milk
menstruation
shedding of endometrium
menarche
first period
4 phases of period in order
follicular phase
ovulatory phase
luteal phase
menstrual phase
follicular phase
first phase
high levels of Follicular stimulating hormone
overies bring egg to maturity
ovulatory phase
second phase
mature egg released
estrogen levels high
follicular stimulating hormone lowering
which triggers high Gonadtropin and lutenizing hormone
luteal phase
third phase
pro estrogen high
that inhibits lutenizing hormone
decline of estrogen
primary dysmenorrhea
no organic reasons
just hurts b
secondary Dysmenorrhea
organi reasons
eg. endometriosis
what are cramps from
prostaglandins
matasalgia
fluid retention in breast
hurts
KISS1 Gene
stimulates hypothalamus then all others for puberty
% of interesex people
2
inner most layer of vagina
vaginal mucosa
reflex that keeps testes at regulated temp
cremasteric reflex
how long can sperm be stored in epididymis
6 weeks
Seminiferous tubules produce
sperm
Interstitial cells produce
androgens
