midterm 1 Flashcards
what are the steps involved in skills
perception
decision
action
what is a skill
goal directed
reproducible
Time and energy efficient
open vs. closed skills
open = variable and unpredictable environment
closed = constant predictable environment
discrete vs serial vs continuous skills
discrete= easily distinguished start and finish, very short duration
serial= string of discrete skills to make a more complex action
continuous= arbitrary beginning and end point. flowing behaviour for minutes or hours
what idea did the Flanagan & Rao study challenge
if people prefer perceived efficiency vs actual efficiency
How can reproducibility be measured for a skill
measure the certainty using constant error, absolute error, variable error
what is the difference between constant error, absolute error and variable error
constant error is the directional error
absolute error is the average distance from target. this measures accuracy
variable error is the standard deviation of scores from own total average. measure of precision or consistency
How are continuous tasks certainty measured
Root mean square error
What is a model
a useful tool to simulate and simplify a real thing. Can be broken down to help understand the different parts
Is not the real thing
What does humans as IPs mean
humans interpret information and output a response
what is the three stage model of humans as information processors
a serial process
perception(stimulus identification)->decision(response selection)->action(response programming)
What is reaction time
reaction time is the time between stimulus and the start of the response.
it encompasses the entirety of the 3 stage model
How can increasing the number of choices impact reaction time
it increases it as time is required to assess the appropriate response
how can increasing the number of stimuli impact reaction time
it increases it as time is required to identify the stimuli
what characteristics does a good hypothesis have
related to research question
specific
directional prediction
testable prediction
what factors influence reaction time
number response alternatives
stimulus response compatability
practice
what is Hick’s law
relationship between RT and number of SR-pairs
logarithmic relationship
rt=Log2(SR pairs)
double the SR pairs results in the same RT increase
What is SR compatibility
how intuitive the response is the the stimulus
ex. pressing the red button when a red light is exposed
what is spacial SR compatibility
SR compatibility in the spacial environment.
ex. driving a rear wheel steering vehicle
what is a population stereotype for SR compatibility
differences in how people of different population may perceive how natural a response is.
eg. driving on the left
How can practice influence RT
reduce both simple and choice RT
effect is more obvious as increases in SR pairs and incompatibility RT
cannot fully eliminate RT
What is anticipation
prediction of what’s going to happen next can allow response section and response programming to happen ahead of time
Spacial anticipation vs. temporal anticipation
spacial is knowing what or where something is going to happen.
eg. goalie predicting where ball will go
temporal is knowing when the event will happen
eg. diving off the blocks by predicting when staring beep will be based on the on your marks ready calls.